Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health issue throughout the world which affecting millions of people in every year. Clinical features of AVH may vary from asymptomatic to hepatitis, liver failure, cirrhosis and even cancer. The role of ultrasound in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is limited to exclude the surgical causes of jaundice. A clear concept on the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis may be helpful in the treatment procedure of this disease. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic and clinical profile of acute viral hepatitis patients based on sonographic findings. Methods: This was a prospective observational study which was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. Along with other diagnosis, ultrasonography was considered as principal diagnosis for the inclusion of study subjects. As per the exclusion criteria of this study, patients detected to have HBV infection or with gall stone were excluded from the study. Sonographic data were collected and tabulated in an Excel sheet and was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 22.0 to determine the means and proportions. Chi‑squared test was done to compare the ultrasound findings. P<0.05 were considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results: In this study, among majority of our participant’s spleen was found as normal in size which was in 96% cases. In only 4% cases splenomegaly was found. In the final ultrasonogram report of our participants we observed that, among a good number of patients, hepatomegaly, GBW thickening and contracted GB were found which were in 79%, 75% and 56% cases respectively. Besides these, porta nodes, splenomegaly and periportal cuffing were associated in 35%, 15% and 13% cases respectively. Conclusion: The ultrasonographic findings of hepatomegaly, contracted gallbladder, .......

Background: In Bangladesh, Acute hepatitis is seen sporadically round the year. On the other the other hand, the incidence of acute viral hepatitis E increases after floods as this allows sewerage contamination of piped and groundwater. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the demographic & Clinical Profile Analysis of Acute Viral Hepatitis E Patients in Bangladesh. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital during the period from July 2018 to June 2019, in Bangladesh. A total of 35 patients who were attending the Hepatology unit with acute viral hepatitis were included as the study population for this study. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, all viral markers were tested. Results: Majority, 34.4% belong to 21-30 year’s age group, and 81.3% were male. Positive cases of Anti HAV IgM were 10% followed by Anti HEV IgM seen in 100%, however, none of the Anti HCV IgM seen in patients. Higher serum bilirubin was 8.82±5.65. Followed by Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 1141.00±128.69, S.GPT ALT was 1380.75±751.28, S. Creatinine was10.00±18.33. Moreover, Prothrombin Time was seen longer in patients. Which means patient’s needs higher blood clotting time than usual. Conclusion: Acute viral hepatitis E is the leading cause of wide spectrum of liver disease in young male adults ranging from severe acute viral hepatitis, to decompensation of liver in cirrhotic in Bangladesh.

Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Western countries. The condition becomes increasingly common over the age of 50 years. The total number of colorectal cancer patients available for the study within the stipulated time was 56. Among them 64.29% patients were male and 35.71% patients were female. 01.79% patient belonged to age group ≤ 20, 12.5% belonged to age group 21-30, 19.64% belonged to age group 31-40, 25.0% belonged to age group 41-50, 26.79% belonged to age group 51-60, 08.93% belonged to age group 61-70 and 05.35% patients were >70 years of age. Mean age was 48.05 years ± 13.97 SD. In our study, 27.2% survived ≤3 months, 36.4% 4-6 months, 09.1% 7-9 months, 18.2% 10-12 months, 09.1% 13-24 months and 0% >24 months. Among 11 expired patients, 03 got curative treatment and rest of 08 got palliative treatment. Those who got curative treatment, 66.7% survived 10-12 months and 33.3% 13-24 months. Those who got palliative treatment 37.5% survived ≤3 months, 50.0% 4-6 months and 12.5% 7-9 months. Overall median survival was 07 months, for curative treatment 15 months and for palliative treatment 05 months. TAJ 2018; 31(2): 12-16

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in our daily clinical practice which is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal problem, characterized by abdominal pain, bloating and changes in bowel habit. Symptoms caused by lactose malabsorption may be confused with those of IBS and the two disorders can also co-exist in the same person. The aim of this study was to see the prevalence of lactose intolerance in persons with IBS and also to see the prevalence of lactose intolerance in persons without IBS. This observational study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology of BSMMU, Dhaka during July 2010 to September 2011.Total 100 patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS and 30 age and sex matched people without having any symptoms of IBS or organic gastrointestinal disease or systemic disease were enrolled and were advised for lactose tolerance test (LTT). For lactose tolerance test fasting blood glucose level was measured, then 50gm of lactose was given orally and blood glucose was measured after 30mins of ingestion of lactose. An increase less than 20mg/dL over base line after 30 mins. indicate positive lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance was found 62 (62%) in IBS and 13 (43.3%) in control group (p>0.05). Among the lactose intolerance patients, maximum patients were service holder in both group, which was 43.5% and 53.8% in IBS and control group respectively. The mean age was 31.47±8.36 years in IBS and 37.77±10.44 years in control group in patients with lactose Intolerance. Patients with lactose intolerance, the mean blood glucose during fasting was 5.0±0.49 mmole/L in IBS and 5.28±0.56 mmole/L in control group. After lactose the mean blood glucose was 5.67±0.49 mmole/L and 5.97±0.55 in IBS and control group respectively. Our recommendation is to perform lactose tolerance test before the diagnosis of IBS. Further large scale study is suggested.