Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused irreparable damage to society, and the damage continues. Pediatricians are confronted with COVID-19 in a variety of presentations, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis of the disease plays an important role in preventing transmission of the virus in the community. Case presentation Here we report a 27-month-old previously healthy Iranian female child who presented with fever and bloody diarrhea, diagnosed with COVID-19 based on contact history, exclusion of enteric bacterial pathogens and parasites, and positive stool and nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. The patient had viral shedding for more than a month. Conclusions The pediatric population usually does not present with typical clinical features of COVID-19, which are respiratory involvement. Dysentery may be the only presentation of this disease, and long-term isolation should be considered, as the viral shedding may last for more than a month.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness and adherence to medications is vital to manage the illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of medication adherence based on personality factors in a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes in Yasuj. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty individuals with type 2 diabetes who visited health centers were selected for this study through convenience sampling. The participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that among the big-five personality factors, only neuroticisms significantly predicted adherence to medications (β= -0.31, P-value< 0.003). Furthermore, the model explained only 19% of the variance in medication adherence (R2= 0.19, P-value< 0.01). Conclusion: This study indicated that a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes did not adhere to their medications. This study highlighted that the personality trait of neuroticism was important in predicting medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a known complication of cardiac interventions. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a non-pharmacological method which has a nephroprotective effect. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is a suitable biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CI-AKI after RIPC in patients undergoing coronary angiography, through assessment of CysC. Patients and Methods: Around 140 patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing angiography were randomly allocated to two groups of RIPC and control groups. In each group, the following biomarkers were assessed: serum creatinine (Cr) and CysC at baseline, 24-hour and 48-hour serum Cr and 24-hour CysC. The endpoint was the development of AKI based on either the KDIGO criteria or a 15% increase in serum CysC. Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding the incidence of AKI according to either KIDIGO criteria or by the increase of serum CysC (P =0.116 and P =0.392, respectively). Moreover, a 46.99% increase in CysC level was observed among patients with AKI during the first 24 hours after the procedure, while at the same interval, it increased only 16.01% in patients without AKI. Conclusion: RIPC with three cycles of 5-minute ischemia and 5-minute reperfusion, did not decrease serum CysC based CI-AKI or alter renal biomarkers course in patients with low risk, who underwent coronary angiography.

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