ABSTRAKPotensi sumber alam khususnya kakao secara Indonesia sangat tergantung dari produksi kakao yang dihasilkan oleh petani dan ketersediaan lahan perkebunan. Namun hasil pengolahan kakao masih belum optimal untuk meningkatkan produksi kakao. Hal ini disebabkan adanya gangguan hama penyakit dan banyaknya petani kakao alih fungsi lahan untuk tanaman cepat tumbuh. Hasil pengolahan kakao menghasilkan limbah kakao dan dengan penggunaan teknologi pirolisis mampu mengatasi penumpukan limbah hasil perkebunan. Hasil pembakaran ini menghasilkan asap cair kakao (cacao vinegar) ke dalam destilat,arang. Penelitian ini menggunakan suhu pirolisis antara 100-500°C.. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis pada limbah kakao menghasilkan kandungan selulosa 17,27%, lignin 52,02% dan hemiselulosa 19,56% . Hasil analisis GC MS untuk cacao vinegar Kab Wajo, adalah asam asetat, n butane, metil ester, asam propanoat, asam butanoat, siklopenanon, 2 metil piridin, asetiloksi 2 propanon, butirolakton, tetrahydro 2 furan metanol, 2,3 dimetil 2 siklopenten 1 on dan Mequinol . Kadar air arang kulit buah kakao kab Wajo sebesar 3,42%. Hasil analisis kadar karbon terikat dimana arang aktif kulit 54,45%. Analisis EDS untuk kulit buah kakao Kab Wajo menghasilkan kandungan C : 61,12%, O : 36,65%, Si : 0,59%, P : 1,48% dan Al : 0,17%. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah kakao dengan teknologi pirolisis mampu mengurangi emisi karbon terhadap lingkungan. Sehingga pembangunan dapat berlanjut dan kelestarian hutan tetap sustainable. Kata kunci: Kakao, kulit buah Kakao, selulosa, asap cair Kakao ABSTRACTPotential of cacao resources at Indonesian is very dependent on the production of cacao produced by farmers and plantation availability. However, the cacao processing results are still not optimal to increase the cacao production. This is due to the disruption of pests and the number of cacao farmers over land functions for fast growing plants. Processing cacao produced cacao waste and with the use of pyrolysis technology is able to cope with the accumulation of plantation waste. This combustion results in liquid smoke of cacao (cacao vinegar) into distillate, charcoal. This study used pyrolysis temperature between 100-500 °C. The aim of this research is to analyze the cocoa waste and the results are cellulose content 17,27%, lignin 52,02% and hemicellulose 19,56%. The results of GC-MS analysis for cacao vinegar of Distric Wajo are acetic acid, n butane,

ABSTRAKPotensi kulit buah kakao yang selama ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, mendorong untuk mengembangkan kulit buah kakao sebagai bio arang. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi penumpukan limbah biomassa dengan cara pirolisis yang berasal dari hasil pembakaran yang menghasilkan produk asap cair, arang dan beberapa gas (CO 2 ,H 2 ,dan CO 2 ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan kulit buah kakao untuk memperoleh asap cair kulit kakao dan arang kaka. Hasil Penelitian ini bahwa kulit buah kakao menghasilkan kandungan hemiselulosa 21,06%, selulosa 20,15% dan lignin 51,98%.Hasil analisis kadar karbon arang aktif kulit buah kakao Kab Luwu sebesar 55,11 %. Hasil analisis FT-IR serbuk kulit buah kakao Kabupaten Luwu menunjukkan, terjadi depolimerisasi untuk kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada bilangan gelombang 1107,14 cm -1 dan. ABSTRACTThe potential of cacao fruit skin that has not been widely used by the community are encouraged to develop the cacao fruit skinas bio charcoal. One way to reduce the build up of biomass waste is by pyrolysis derived from combustion products that produce liquid smoke, charcoal and some gases (CO 2 , H 2 , and CO 2 ). The purpose of this research is to utilize cacao peel to get the liquid smoke of cacao skin and cacao charcoal. The result of this research showed that the skin of cacao fruit produce hemicellulose content of 21.06%, cellulose of 20.15% and lignin of 51.98%. The analysis result of carbon content of cacao skin activated charcoal from Luwu regency is 55.11%. FT-IR analysis of the cacao skin powder from Luwu regency showed that there were depolymerization for cellulose and hemicellulose contentsat the wave number of 1107.14 cm -1 andfound C-H of lignin at the wave number of 1730.15 cm . Crystallinity degree of cacao fruits skin from Luwu which was obtained from XRD analysis is 12.66%. The wasteutilization of this

This study is an experimental study (quasi experiment) which aims to determine the effect of the use of learning modules based on the differentiated science inquiry model on cognitive learning outcomes of students in Class XI MIPA 1 SMAN 8 Gowa on colloidal system material. The design of this study using pretest-posttest control group design. The results of the analysis of the description obtained that the average value of the experimental class and control class learning outcomes of 89.65 and 81.43 with a standard deviation of 3.96 and 5.38, respectively. Completeness of learning experimental class reached 94.44% while the control class was only 91.67%. The difference in the value of N-Gain category for each level of inquiry also occurs where the N-Gain in, SI, GI, and SDI in the control and experimental classes are successively 0.696 (medium); 0.821 (high); 0.771 (high); 0.863 (high); 0.78 (high); 0.885 (high); 0.789 (high) and 0.884 (high). The average cognitive learning outcomes of students who are taught by using learning modules based on the DSI model is higher than the DSI learning model without using learning modules. The results of hypothesis testing with Mann Whitney Test at a significant level,  α = 0,05 obtained significance (0.000) so that it is concluded that there is an influence of the use of learning modules based on the DSI model on cognitive learning outcomes of students.

The research goal is to produce liquid smoke through pyrolisis process and to get fractions of potential chemical components from bamboo wastes. Results of this research are expected to give benefits as follows: (1) Liquid smoke produced from wood and bamboo wastes through pyrolisis process is able to diversify preservative products, (2) Rate reaction from value rate constanta by Pyrolitic kinetic model resulted from this process can be used to find expected compounds in large quantities. Results of pyrolisis bamboo dust gave the highest yield of liquid smokes as much as 18.18% in pyrolitic temperature of 200 o C. The highest acid content of results of pyrolisis of bamboo dust with electrical reactor resulted at pyrolitic temperature of 400 o C was 7,89%, whereas, in pyrolisis result of bamboo dust with electrical reactor was shown at pyrolitic temperature of 500 o C. In terms of the charcoal produced from pyrolisis process containing the highest yield was bamboo dust (33.28%), Identification of GC-MS of bamboo dust could provide compounds that mostly derived from acid group and was dominated by aceton,acetic acid,3 hidroksi 2 butanone, icocyanat acid and n butana. Change kinetic model of bamboo wastes is energy activasi bamboo. The technology of integrated bamboo vinegar-charcoal-compost production hence deserves its dissemination throughout Indonesia, as pesticide natural..

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis nanopartikel kitosan menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Tahapan sintesis meliputi: pembuatan larutan kitosan 0,2% menggunakan asam sitrat 5%, sintesis Nanopartikel Kitosan dengan Na-TPP sebagai pengikat silang, dilanjutkan dengan uji kestabilan nanopartikel menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil sintesis nanopatikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, PSA dan uji kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suspensi nanopartikel kitosan-TPP tetap stabil selama penyimpanan 1 hari dan setelah freeze drying diperoleh serbuk berwarna putih dengan kadar air sebesar 7,25%. Hasil Karakterisasi FT-IR mengindikasikan bahwa sintesis nanopatikel telah terbentuk, hal ini dapat dilihat terjadinya pergeseran puncak serapan gugus fungsi sebelum dan setelah terbentuk nanopartikel kitosan. Hasil analisis PSA diperoleh ukuran partikel sebesar 7270,9 nm. Berdasarkan hal tersebut disimpulkan bahwa sintesis nanopartikel kitosan dapat dilakukan dengan metode gelasi ionik dengan kestabilan selama satu hari. Kata kunci: Gelasi ionik, Kitosan-TPP, Nanopartikel ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to synthesize of chitosan nanoparticles using ionic gelation method. Synthesis stages include: preparation of 0.2% chitosan solution using 5% citric acid, synthesis chitosan nanoparticles with Na-TPP as crosslinker, followed by a test of the stability of the nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of synthesis nanopaticles were characterized using FT-IR, PSA and test water content. The results showed that the nanoparticles of chitosan-TPP suspension remained stable for 1 day storage time and after freeze drying obtained in the form white powder with a water content of 7.25%. Characterization of FT-IR results indicate that the synthesis nanopaticles been formed, it can be seen a shift of the absorption peak of functional groups before and after the formation of chitosan nanoparticles. PSA analysis results obtained that particle size at 7270.9 nm. Based on this it was concluded that synthesis of chitosan nanoparticle can be performed with ionic gelation method with stability during one day. Keywords: Gelasi ionic, Chitosan-TPP, Nanoparticles