The purpose of this study was to examine, in an Iranian sample, the effect of drinking water shortage on the rural residents' mental health and their coping styles, and to investigate the influences of gender, location of residence, marital status, job and the level of education on these constructs. Participants included 1198 rural residents around the Iranian cities of Darab and Eghlid. A demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), and the Coping Styles with Drinking Water Crisis Scale (CSDWS) were used in this study. The CSDWS is a multidimensional construct with four factors including: (1) optimising water consumption methods, (2) water-free technologies and social changes in life, (3) usage of high-quality technologies in water saving, and (4) emotion-focused avoidant coping styles. Rural residents who had suffered no drinking water shortage had a significantly higher performance of rational coping styles and had a lower psychopathology indicator and a lower performance of emotion focused avoidant coping styles than rural residents who had experienced drinking water shortage. The effect of location of residence, marital status, level of education and occupation on coping styles and mental health was affirmed in this sample.

Th is study was purposed to examine the confirmatory factorial structure of the Work Relat ionships Scale (WRS); to investigate the correlations between work relat ionships, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression; and to exp lore the roles of a few workplace-related factors on these constructs. Participants were 318 employees that selected by random sampling method within a survey fro m the higher education, govern mental and industrial workplace sectors, Eghlid city, Iran. A demographic questionnaire and four self-rat ing measures were used in this study. The validity and reliability of the WRS were affirmed in this study. Resulting data showed that the WRS is a mult ifaceted construct with three factors: (1) criticism, procrustean, and coercion, (2) satisfactory; and (3) supportive and empathic relationships. The first factor was significantly and positive correlated with work stress, depression, and anxiety. The second factor was not significantly correlated to work stress, depression, and anxiety. The third factor was negative and significantly correlated to the work stress. Work stress, depression, and anxiety were positive and significantly correlated to each other. The type of workplace; work experience, type of job, and the level of p rofessional expertise were significantly effect ive on the dependents variables in this sample.

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