The purpose of this research was to examine the validity of an adult attachment style questionnaire, to understand the relationships between the type of attachment style in relation to self-perceived stress and social support, and to investigate the influence of gender, ethnicity and religion on the above constructs. The participants were 308 university students from Malaysia. A demographic questionnaire and three self-report inventories were administrated in this study. The data indicated that the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) is a multidimensional construct with nine factors: “dismissing,” “preoccupied with romance,” “preoccupied with close relationships,” “fearful,” “preoccupied with dependency,” “secure emotional,” “comfortable depending,” “preoccupied with mistrust” and “mutual secure.” Different attachment styles were positively or negatively correlated at a significant level with perceived stress and social support. Attachment styles were explained by 20 and 33% of the total variance in self-perceived stress and perceived social support, respectively. There were significant gender, ethnic and religious differences in attachment styles, perceived stress and social support.

The role of marital status in emotional intelligence, happiness, optimism and hope was examined as well as the relationships between emotional intelligence, happiness, optimism and hope. The role of demographic factors was then considered in relation to these constructs. The participants included 500 individuals who were selected from Shiraz City; Fars province, Iran. A demographic questionnaire and five self-rating measures were used in this study. Married individuals demonstrated higher levels of “emotional intelligence,” “happiness,” and “trait/state hope” than widowed, divorced, single and remarried individuals. The “emotion attention” subscale of emotional intelligence was negatively correlated to “happiness,” “dispositional hope” and “state hope.” Emotional intelligence was found to correlate negatively to the “agency” factor of “state hope” on the “emotion clarity” subscale. Happiness correlated negatively with “optimism” and positively with “hope.” The roles of age, gender, occupation, level of education and ethnicity in the emotional intelligence, happiness, optimism, and trait and state hope were not significant.

No abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sensationseeking and risk-taking behaviors, to analyze the role of sensation seeking in the prediction of risk taking, and to investigate the role of gender on these constructs in a sample of young Iranian adults. The randomly selected sample consisted of 92 males and 208 females who came from the city of Eghlid, Fars province, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, the Sensation Seeking Scale-V Form (SSS-V) and the Domain-Specific Risk Taking Scale (DOSPERT) were used in this study. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that the DOSPERT is a valid and reliable 6-factor scale: social, recreational, gambling, health/safety, investing, and ethical. The results demonstrated that sensation seeking and its subscales had significant relationships to the DOSPERT and its subscales. Sensation seeking explained 16 % of the total risk-taking behavior variability. It was also found that males had significantly higher scores than females in both sensation-seeking and risk-taking behavior constructs.

The purpose of this research was to develop the Work Relationships Scale (WRS) and examine its relationships with stress, depression and anxiety in workplace, and also to investigate the roles of demographical factors in these constructs. Participants were 199 employees from different workplaces in Penang, Malaysia. A demographic questionnaire and five self rating inventories were used in this study. Findings indicated that WRS is a multidimensional construct with four factors: Critical and procrustean, satisfactory, supportive and sympathic, and disciplinary. First factor was positive correlated with interpersonal sensitivity, demands and control subscales of work stress, depression and anxiety. Second factor was negative correlated with depression, work stress and its support subscale. Third factor was negative correlated with total work stress. Fourth factor was positive correlated with interpersonal sensitivity, work stress and its demands and control subscales. Results supported the effects of gender, marital status, level of education, and type and classification of job on the work relationships. The WRS and its satisfactory and disciplinary subscales altogether explained 30, 3 and 6 percents of work stress, depression, and anxiety variations respectively.