Many parameters and environments conditions will affect the behavior of the photovoltaic cell. This paper investigates, theoretically the variation of each temperature and irradiation effects on the output of the photovoltaic cell characteristics. Modeling of the photovoltaic cell scheme essentially requires taking weather data (temperature and irradiance) as input variables. The photovoltaic outputs are the current, voltage and power. Though, conclude the characteristics I-V or P-V desires of these important variables. Any variation in the entries directly shows variations in outputs. The characteristic curves are obtained with the use practical readings and measurements are illustrated directly from the solar power plant in the Technical Engineering College of Mosul. The complete modeling is then computer-generated using MATLAB/Simulink software owing to its common use and its helpfulness.

This paper describes the application of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques for protecting small power transformer 2 kVA (Terco type). ANN network trained according to the primary and secondary currents data under NN tool, this network performs as a function of differential protection relay. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are analyzed using Matlab environment. ANN network senses the difference in the internal current of both transformer sides and sending a trip to the circuit breaker (CB) at moment of fault occurrence. All the voltages and the currents waveforms affected with the fault and the response time increased according to this technique. Finally, the trip signal and the quick disconnect time were improved according to ANN technique.

This paper proposed a small size and efficient square-shaped printed spiral coils (PSCs) at 13.56 MHz to be used for implantable biomedical devices. Detailed modeling of PSCs is presented. A design methodology has been applied to theoretical closed-form equations using MATLAB to optimize the wireless link of a 12×12 mm2 implantable coil example with 10 mm relative distance. All results are validated with the simulation using an electromagnetic field solver HFSS 14.1. Also, the PSCs has been implemented for verification using FR4 printed circuit board. The results show that optimized coil pairs achieved efficiency up to 80% at face to face relative distance of 10 mm in the air.

As the Transmission Line (TL) is an important part in the power system; this paper presents the design and practical implementation of overcurrent protection for threephase TL system using Programmable Logic Control (PLC). The PLC then on-line monitring the vlaue of the load current in each phase and detect the overcurrent and simaltinouslly isolate the fault by sending an output signal for tripping the coil of the Circuit Breaker (CB). Display unit of the PLC is used for displaying the load current, in addition to alert maessage with the type of the occoured fault. The proposed contrroller program also cancel of the trip signal of the CB during a definite time of the inrush and stating load current. In addition, an automatic reclosing system for return the CB to the work when the overcurrent is released. PLC-based protection methods cost less, provides greater precision with a safe way of operation when compared with the other protection controllers system. Function Block Diagram (FBD) language is employed for implementing the proposed software controller. Simulation is made for the proposed controller via LOGO! Soft Comfort V7.0 software programs for virtual implantation of the program before downloading to the PLC.

<p>In this paper, 22 equations for high voltage cable sheaths are simulated in one model. The model outputs are represented by cable sheath voltages, circulating currents, losses and factors, eddy currents, losses, and factors in both tides laying states (trefoil and flat) when grounding the sheaths from a single point, two points, or cross-link. These values depend on the cable manufacturing's specific factors. The other factors affecting these values are specific to the laying and operation: the load current, the length of the cable to be laid out, the spacing between the cables, and the power frequency. This research aims to reduce or eliminate the losses of the cable sheath. These two types of currents cause losses that may sometimes equal the losses of the conductor of the cable carrying the load current. Which reduces the capacity of the cable and reduces the heat dissipation of the cable into the soil and damages it. Electricians are at risk of electrocution due to the high voltages of the sheaths when there is no current in the sheaths. Therefore, these currents and voltages must be eliminated by making a new model that studies the effect of all these factors on them.</p>