Introduction: Acute appendicitis is a common emergency condition in paediatrics with different ages.The perforated appendicitis is one of the most serious complications of acute appendicitis which may lead to peritonitis. The aim of our study is to calculate the incidence of perforated appendicitis. Methods:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study has been conducted at Khartoum north teaching hospital.The total number of patients was 214. Results: the most common age in this study are 13 years old and the mean age is 11 years, 128 of cases were male 59.8% and 86 were females 40.2%. All cases of our study presented with fever 100%, 80.8% presented with right iliac fossa pain, and anorexia 100%. 50.5% of cases came within the first day of presentation and 26.6% of cases came in 4 th day of presentation, all cases presented with right iliac fossa tenderness, 15.9% of cases presented with perforated acute appendicitis, 67.29% of cases operated after 6 hours, 5.61% operated in more than 6 hours and 27.1% operated after 6 weeks. Conclusion: In this study the incidence of perforated acute appendicitis was 15.9% which is low in comparison with another study because there was no delay in appendectomy operation and the majority of patients came within the first day of the disease.

Background Malaria is a protozoan disease which can lead to serious complications if not treated early and correctly. The aim of this study to assess the knowledge about malaria management guidelines among house officers. Methods this is the cross-sectional observational study conducted at 6 of Khartoum teaching hospitals Results The study showed that among the 115 participants evaluated there were 70.4% females and 29.6% were males. 94.8% of participants knew there are malaria management guidelines and 5.2% didn't know about the presence of these guidelines, 58.3% have some information and 10.4% just hear about these guidelines. 89.6% knew the management of simple malaria is outpatient management. 65.2% of the participants were aware of where to manage the cases of complicated malaria (inpatient or in ICU). 27.8% of the participants were aware of the management of simple malaria in the second and third trimester.

Background and Objectives:The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic affects 187 countries which is began in China in December 2019 and spread around the world very quickly, becoming one of the greatest threats to human life in this century. As a result, preventive measures such as wearing face mask and social distancing have been implemented to fight against spreading of the virus. This study aimed to assess adherence to face mask and social distancing during COVID19 pandemic.Methods and Materials:This is a Cross-sectional observational study conducted at Khartoum state, the capital of Sudan. 1222 residents have been selected randomly to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria are: Everybody lives in Khartoum state is eligible to participate in this study. The exclusion criteria are: Everybody does not live in Khartoum state.The data was collected through structural questionnaire which include personal data and the questions which measure the adherence to face mask and social distance. And the data was analyzed by SPSS application.Results:The total of participants in this study was 1222. The majority of participants wear face mask only if it is necessary to enter a commercial store, governmental institution or a hospital (45.9%). The remaining portion of the participants wearing the mask only when they are with their family (11.9 %) or with friends (11.1%) or at transport (16 %) and at parties (6.5 %). On the other hand, (8.4 %) of the participants never wear a mask at all Table (4).The most of the participants practicing the social distancing only if it is needed to enter a commercial store, government institution or a hospital (41.5%), whereas the rest do it only when they are with their family (10.2 %), with friends (6.2 %), at parties (6.8 %) and at transport (11 %). However, almost quarter of them do not do social distancing at all (24.3 %).Conclusion:In conclusion, most of the participants in this study have poor adherence to COVID19 preventive measures, especially wearing Face Mask and social distancing. They tend to follow these preventive measures only when imposed by an authority or it is necessary to enter certain places.

Background and Objectives:The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) pandemic affects 187 countries which is began in China in December 2019 and spread around the world very quickly, becoming one of the greatest threats to human life in this century. As a result, preventive measures such as wearing face mask and social distancing have been implemented to fight against spreading of the virus. This study aimed to assess adherence to face mask and social distancing during COVID19 pandemic.Methods and Materials:This is a Cross-sectional observational study conducted at Khartoum state, the capital of Sudan. 1222 residents have been selected randomly to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria are: Everybody lives in Khartoum state is eligible to participate in this study. The exclusion criteria are: Everybody does not live in Khartoum state.The data was collected through structural questionnaire which include personal data and the questions which measure the adherence to face mask and social distance. And the data was analyzed by SPSS application.Results:The total of participants in this study was 1222. The majority of participants wear face mask only if it is necessary to enter a commercial store, governmental institution or a hospital (45.9%). The remaining portion of the participants wearing the mask only when they are with their family (11.9 %) or with friends (11.1%) or at transport (16 %) and at parties (6.5 %). On the other hand, (8.4 %) of the participants never wear a mask at all Table (4).The most of the participants practicing the social distancing only if it is needed to enter a commercial store, government institution or a hospital (41.5%), whereas the rest do it only when they are with their family (10.2 %), with friends (6.2 %), at parties (6.8 %) and at transport (11 %). However, almost quarter of them do not do social distancing at all (24.3 %).Conclusion:In conclusion, most of the participants in this study have poor adherence to COVID19 preventive measures, especially wearing Face Mask and social distancing. They tend to follow these preventive measures only when imposed by an authority or it is necessary to enter certain places.

Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease which can lead to serious complications if not treated early and correctly. The aim of this study to assess the knowledge about malaria management guidelines among house officers.Methods: this is the cross sectional observational study conducted at 6 of Khartoum teaching hospitals Results: The study showed that among the 115 participants evaluated there were 70.4% females and 29.6% were males. 94.8% of participants knew there is malaria management guidelines and 5.2%didn't knew about presence of this guidelines, 58.3% have some information and 10.4% just hear about this guidelines. 89.6% knew the management of simple malaria is an outpatient management.65.2% of the participants were aware about where to manage the cases of complicated malaria (inpatient or in Intensive Care Unit). 27.8% of the participants were aware about the management of simple malaria in the second and third trimester.Conclusion: Different levels of awareness about malaria management guidelines as whole: 4.3% had an overall poor level of awareness, and 74.8% had an overall average level of awareness and 20.9% had an overall good level of awareness.