Government website services comprise awareness programs for their citizens and others, information distribution, and perhaps data collection, online enquiries, and submissions for regulatory or funding purposes. Quality of service is fundamental to public acceptance and use of e-government websites, although this aspect is frequently overlooked during the design and implementation stages of online public services. Besides transparency, ease of navigation and comprehensive information, these websites require adequate monitoring resources, including targets for responses and reports. The intention of this study is to contribute to the development of e-government services, and to raise awareness of user attitudes to public websites among researchers, government administrators and service providers, especially in the context of Saudi Arabia. This study explores dimensions that contribute to e-government service quality, or have the capacity to detract from website support. A qualitative approach through individual interviews was taken that explored four categories of service quality: the system function category included ease of use, and system availability; and the content category included three dimensions: format, information, and personalization. Further, the procedural category comprised privacy and security, credibility, interactivity, and processing time; the citizen support category included responsiveness and contact dimensions. Development of an appropriate quantitative model and instrument is planned to facilitate research into the relationships among the e-government service quality dimensions and user satisfaction and user trust. Further, it is planned to research various environments and contexts to provide cross-cultural comparisons to understand e-government's user behaviors.

Developing a computer based system for examinations are the substitute for the current examination system based on paper. In recent days, the e-learning has become more popular because of its adaptability, integrity and user friendliness. In terms of the paper based examinations, major challenge is the proctoring techniques used. In this paper, a novel method to avoid the presence of a proctor throughout the examination is proposed by an intelligent based examination system. This method is proposed to improve the e-learning using intelligent question bank and examination system. The system is designed with different complexity levels among the questions and also it acts as a tool to assessing the understanding of student from the teaching materials. This system can be timesaving and more efficient with an adequate level of security. The proposed methodology can be classified in to two main phases such as the design of question bank along with its database, design of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system for examination and its evaluation in order to improve the e-learning. Future works in this system can be the addition of theory-based questions and the integration of biometric based systems for enhancing the level of security.

The ease of use and advancements in drone technology is resulting in the widespread application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to diverse fields, making it a booming technology. Among UAVs' several applications, livestock agriculture is one of the most promising, where UAVs facilitate various operations for efficient animal management. But the field is characterized by multiple environmental, technical, economic, and strategic challenges. However, the use of advanced technological techniques like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), advanced sensors, etc. along with the assurance of animal welfare while operating the UAVs, can lead to widespread adoption of drone technology amongst livestock farmers. This paper discusses livestock management research where UAVs monitor farm animals via detection, counting, tracking animals, etc. In this article, an attempt has been made to elucidate different aspects and broader issues around livestock management while highlighting the associated challenges, opportunities, and prospects. This work is the first review paper on the subject matter with all the necessary information and analysis, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the article promises to provide interested researchers with detailed information about the field, guiding future research.

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