Infants with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 frequently suffer from cardiac anomalies. Our study aims to look at the impact of using cardiac surgery on mortality and functional outcome in patients with trisomy 13 and trisomy 18. A search for articles was done on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and CENTRAL databases; from inception until 30th October 2022. Quantitative analysis was done using Meta XL and Review Manager 5.4. A p=-value of 0.05 was adopted as the significance threshold. The database search yielded 1,127 articles but only 17 were included in this systematic review. This paper reports a total of 2,551 trisomy cases. 672 cases were T13, 1478 cases were T18 and 401 cases were undefined. The calculated Odds Ratio (OR) was 4.20 95%CI, 2.70 - 6.52], with a p-value < 0.00001. There was also the finding that cardiac surgery had a more positive impact on mortality and discharge outcomes for T18 patients than T13 patients. The difference, however was statistically insignificant. In conclusion, the use of cardiac surgery to manage T13 and T18 patients is plausible, but other factors like post-operative complications should be taken into account.

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Surgical site infections (SSI) are considered one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality among postoperative patient's worldwide, and increasing awareness and knowledge regarding surgical site infection will improve the quality of care. This study aims to use the appropriate tools to assess and analyze the level of awareness and understanding regarding surgical wound infection among medical and surgical interns, residents, specialists and consultants working in Riyadh city hospitals and how each of them plays a crucial role in providing the optimal healthcare for patients and prevent any unwanted devastating complications. Additionally, the objective of this study is to provide the necessary data to help identify the gaps in the participants understating of surgical site infections. In which a cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and October 2022. The Data was collected using a 20-Item multiple-choice questionnaire which was adopted and validated from a previous study. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among physicians working in Riyadh city hospitals. The sample study included 390 participants who completed the questionnaire in 5 minutes on average. The analyzed data showed that 74.8 % of the responders are medical interns, 18.2% are residents, 5.8% are specialists, and 0.12% are consultants. The Results of the study showed that only 3% of all participants have a high level of knowledge and awareness regarding surgical site infection, while the rest of the responders have moderate to low levels of knowledge and awareness regarding the subject. And we recommend improving the awareness and understanding regarding surgical site infection by offering more courses and events on infection control and prevention; in turn, it would decrease the length of hospital stay, improve healthcare out, decrease morbidity and mortality rates and economic costs caused by surgical site infection.

A frequent illness, pulmonary embolism can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Certain inherited and acquired risk factors predispose vulnerable individuals, and the clinical situation can arouse suspicion. Studies involving people who had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were sought after in the Medline, Pubmed, Embase, NCBI, and Cochrane databases. Analysis was done on incidence, etiology, and treatment options. Because PE presents differently in each patient, it is important to take that into account. The accuracy of the diagnosis decreases with patient age. The diagnosis is difficult because of comorbidities like bronchopneumonia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, or chronic fibrosing pulmonary processes The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is extremely ambiguous because none of the symptoms or signs related to pulmonary embolism are distinctive and can all be caused by other cardiorespiratory illnesses. Patients who have an abnormal perfusion lung scan require more sophisticated care. It can be difficult to diagnose conditions when they have comorbid conditions like bronchopneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or chronic fibrosing pulmonary processes. The diagnosis of PE can be made quickly in patients who have DVT, though. Thrombosis of the renal, iliac, and inferior vena cava veins, as well as DVT, were the main causes of up to 85% of PE cases.