To present the efficacy and safety of Metronidazole and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of diarrhea caused by Entamoeba histolytica, cyst and trophozyed in patients presented to the emergency department and emergency pediatric clinic in Queen Alia Hospital (Jordan). A strategy for diagnosis Entamoeba histolytica was evaluated by studying 181 patients aged 2-50 years. Between the 1st of May 2009 and the beginning of May 2010, 181 patients with intestinal amoebiasis were recruited for this study from the Emergency Department and emergency Pediatric Clinic at Queen Alia Military Hospital. After doing stool analysis for every patient, Metronidazole 500 mg three times was given to the adult group and 40 mg kg -1 day in three divided doses for the pediatric group for 10 days and two tablets twice daily for adults and 5 mL twice daily for children for ten days of co-trimaxazole, with follow up stool analysis after one week of treatment. Out of 181 patients (81) patients were adult's age (14-50 years) and (100 patients) were children aged (2-14 years). About 5.5% of the patient showed the amoebic trophozoite in their stool while the remaining showed only the amoebic cysts. Over all metronidazole and co-trimoxazole produced a clinical response rate of 95% in both adults and children group after 10 days course of Metronidazole. Our findings demonstrated the efficacy of 10 day of course Metronidazole and co-trimoxazole in eradication intestinal amoebiasis for which the causative organism is identified by simple stool examination.

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Background: Rising caesarean section rate is a concerning trend for the future of Oman. Every woman wants to have a vaginal birth with short labour, no, or little pain relief and an intact perineum. Care during labour was different in olden days. The rate has gone up steadily since the introduction of a lot of technology during childbirth. Caesarean section carries increased risk for the mother and baby. The present work is aimed at studying the various reasons for this rising rate and measures to reduce the caesarean section rates. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the rising rates of caesarean section was done from year 2006 up to 2011 and the main indications and complications for caesarean section in year 2011 were analysed. Results: A rising trend of caesarean section has been observed in the last six years as the rate has increased from 15.1% in 2006 to 18.9% in 2011. The main indications for caesarean section in descending order have been fetal distress, malpresentation, followed by a large group which included maternal request, macrosomia > 4kgs, abnormal placentation followed by repeat caesarean section and non-progress of labour. There were many maternal complications observed in this group, like wound infections, anaesthetic complications and a few cases of exploratory laparotomy. Conclusion: Multilevel, multidisciplinary approach and strategies are needed to change the system that would help the midwives, obstetricians and various working groups together to achieve a common goal of developing care to reduce caesarean sections in Oman.

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