In this paper, the hybrid PVT double pass system with a mixed-mode solar dryer type under forced convection has been designed, fabricated and installed for drying crops. The dryer was tried by drying 300 grams of banana slices in the air temperature of dryer range from 43.2 to 60.2°C. The initial moisture rate of banana was about 78% and the most dropped in moisture content was from 78% to 33% after 8 hours of the drying process. The banana slices are distributed in two identical trays and it was noticed that the most and least decreasing in weight of banana samples was from 150 to 48 gram and from 150 to 55 gram in lower and upper tray respectively, when the mass flow rate as 0.031 and 0.017 kg/s, which means that the high reduction was 68% of weight banana at a high mass flow rate of airflow. The critical parameter such as temperature distribution of the PVT with dryer room, useful heat gain, and thermal efficiency are computed by using the MATLAB 2015b program built for this purpose. The optimum useful heat gain and thermal efficiency were reached 423.7  and 52.98% respectively when the solar radiation 1190  and the mass flow rate of 0.031 kg/s.

In this paper, is devoted to evaluating the performance of the double-pass hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) solar system proposed for drying purposes theoretically and experimentally as well as the system is designed, fabricate and modeled in order to simulate the productivity of this system. The hot air extracted from the PVT collector can be used as a heat source for the drying application. The critical parameter such as temperature distribution, useful heat gain, electrical power, and thermal efficiency are computed using MATLAB 2015b program built for this purpose. Results show that the higher output fluid temperature was 63°C at a lesser mass flow rate which 0.017 kg/s and the maximum efficiencies of electrical, thermal and overall at a higher mass flow rate which reached 12.65%, 56.73%, and 85% respectively at mass flow rate 0.031 kg/s. In addition, the optimum electrical power and thermal energy reached 50.57 W and 389.37 W at 0.031 kg/s.

This paper proposes an approach to improve the system arbitrage and reduce peak load by managing both the generation and load sides simultaneously. The peak load reduction is achieved using a load control program, while the arbitrage is enhanced by minimizing the operating and emission costs. The load management and minimization of operating cost are combined in an optimization approach in a multi-objective framework. The storage battery is utilized to contribute in the shaving of the peak load and reducing the operating and emission cost, where the battery aging is taken into account in the proposed model. The management of load sides is considered as decision variables in the approach. A mixed-integer quadratic program is employed to formulate the optimization approach. The proposed approach is applied to a smart low-voltage distribution grid. The results show that the management of both the demand and generation sides reduces the operating and emission costs and improves the load factor of the system.

In this paper, a modern design is proposed for ventilating and conditioning of greenhouse integrated thermal solar system in summer season in (33.3°N, 44.4 °E) Baghdad, Iraq with respect to East-West orientation. The proposed system involves photovoltaic panels and counter flow double pass (with fins). The photovoltaic solar thermal system is fixed on the roof of single span greenhouse. Experimental work was carried out during summer season. The results show the ventilation process changes the air inside temperature of the greenhouse to make it equal to the temperature required by the plants. The calculated root mean square error is 2.04 and correlation factor is 0.993 for the inside air temperature and 4.98, 0.98 respectively for the ground temperature.

Frozen permeability approach (FP) is employed to separate the average torque components (reluctance and permanent magnet torque) and for the inductance calculation for a Unique Ferrite Multi-Layer Spoke-type Interior Permanent Magnet Motor. Finite element analyses (FEA) models are built to provide many results help to offer more insight analysis. Three factors are taking in account to analyse their effects: permanent magnetism, armature currents of stator and angular rotor position. Also, different saturation levels are analysed, to reveal the influence of magnetic saturation and crosscoupling. These detailed analyses are providing valuable insights for permanent machine design and optimization.