The main aim of this paper was to develop an advanced processing method for analyzing of anisotropic thermoelastic metal and alloy discs with holes. In the boundary element method (BEM), the heat impact is expressed as an additional volume integral in the corresponding boundary integral equation. Any attempt to integrate it directly will necessitate domain discretization, which will eliminate the BEM’s most distinguishing feature of boundary discretization. This additional volume integral can be transformed into the boundary by using branch-cut redefinitions to avoid the use of additional line integrals. The numerical results obtained are presented graphically to show the effects of the transient and steady-state heat conduction on the quasi-static thermal stresses of isotropic, orthotropic, and anisotropic metal and alloy discs with holes. The validity of the proposed technique is examined for one-dimensional sensitivity, and excellent agreement with finite element method and experimental results is obtained.

<abstract> <p>In this study, the isogeometric boundary element method (IGBEM) based on non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) is used to perform shape design sensitivity and optimization of rotating three-temperature (3T) thermoelastic structures. During the optimization process, the shape design sensitivity within the IGBEM formulation was derived to include precise geometries and greater continuities. It was found through the application of the IGBEM that the shape design velocity has a significant effect on accuracy of the obtained shape design sensitivity. As a result, the developed shape design sensitivity analysis (SDSA) technique based on the considered IGBEM formulation outperforms the computational solution based on the traditional SDSA method. The isogeometric shape sensitivity and optimal design for a complicated three-temperature thermoelastic problem in rotating structures are investigated. The impact of rotation on the thermal stress sensitivity, optimal three-temperature, optimal displacement and optimal three temperature thermal stress distributions are established. It is shown that the SDSA derived using IGBEM is efficient and applicable for most three-temperature thermoelastic optimization problems.</p> </abstract>

The main goal of this work is to develop a novel boundary element method (BEM) model for analyzing ultrasonic wave propagation in three-temperature anisotropic viscoelastic porous media. Due to the problems of the strong nonlinearity of ultrasonic wave propagation in three-temperature porous media, the analytical or numerical solutions to the problems under consideration are always challenging, necessitating the development of new computational techniques. As a result, we use a new BEM model to solve such problems. A time-stepping procedure based on the linear multistep method is obtained after solving the discretized boundary integral equation with the quadrature rule. The calculation of a double integral is required to obtain fundamental solutions, but this increases the total BEM computation time. Our proposed BEM technique is used to solve the current problem and improve the formulation efficiency. The numerical results are graphed to demonstrate the effects of viscosity and anisotropy on the nonlinear ultrasonic stress waves in three-temperature porous media. The validity, accuracy, and efficiency of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by comparing the obtained results to a corresponding solution obtained from the finite difference method (FDM).

The main goal of this work is to develop a novel boundary element method (BEM) model for analyzing ultrasonic wave propaga-tion in three-temperature anisotropic viscoelastic porous media. Because of strong nonlinearity of ultrasonic wave propagation in three-temperature porous media problems, the analytical or numerical solutions to the problems under consideration are always challenging, necessitating the development of new computational techniques. As a result, we use a new BEM model to solve such problems. A time stepping procedure based on the linear multistep method is obtained after solving the discretized boundary in-tegral equation with the quadrature rule. The calculation of a double integral is required to obtain fundamental solutions, but this increases the total BEM computation time. Our proposed BEM technique is used to solve the current problem and improve the formulation efficiency. The numerical results are graphed to demonstrate the effects of viscosity and anisotropy on the nonlinear ultrasonic stress waves in three-temperature porous media. The validity, accuracy, and efficiency in the proposed methodology were demonstrated by comparing obtained results to the corresponding solution obtained from finite difference method (FDM).

Introduction: In general practice, approximately two-thirds of antibiotic prescriptions are for respiratory tract infections. Acute respiratory tract infections, which include acute uncomplicated bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinosinusitis and the common cold, are often common reasons for acute outpatient visits to physicians and antibiotic prescriptions for adults. The improper treatment of acute respiratory tract infections is now an urgent public health threat, as it is an important contributor to antibiotic resistance. In developing countries, including Saudi Arabia, antibiotics are prescribed excessively and are often obtained without prescription. Aim: The aim of this study was to gather information on current antibiotic prescribing rates for respiratory tract infection in Hera General Hospital Makkah Almukarramah, Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study, incorporating systematic sampling on clinical data from antibiotic prescriptions in hospitalised and emergency departments at Hera General Hospital, was conducted. From September 2017 to April 2018, approximately 500 prescriptions were collected from each hospitalised and emergency pharmacy for patients with respiratory tract infections. Results: The most prescribed antibiotics for respiratory tract infections came from the penicillin group and ciprofloxacin. The prescribing of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections was more prevalent amongst males than females. Potential over-prescribing of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections specially patients with otitis media especially in children without proper lab investigations.