Background  Tuberculosis has got high priority within the health sector as a major public health problem and directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) strategy has been planned to be implemented widely to control the disease and its management. Objectives  To assess knowledge of the patients’ on various aspects of tuberculosis and show the six mutually exclusive outcome of treatment regimen under directly observed therapy short course (DOTS). Patients and Methods  A prospective case follow up study has been carried out on 110 patients attending consultation clinic for Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Kirkuk, for the period from the 1st of April to 31st of December 2009.Tuberculous patients were followed up for the next six months period under DOTS program including two phases Results  Regarding knowledge of patients about routes of transmission and risk factors, there was statistically significant difference between different educational levels (P<0.05), the highest percentage being among secondary school level patients (28.6%). Occupation had a significant effect on patients’ knowledge on treatment regimen , in high score knowledge group (4-6) among students was 100%which was statistically significant. The outcome of treatment regimen was 99.1% treatment success (cure and completed treatment); 0.9% had relapsed and no unfavorable outcome was noticed. Conclusion  Overall knowledge of patients was low regarding routes of transmission, risk factors and treatment regimen.

Background  Cancer patients are mostly suffering from pain during cancer treatments or after chemotherapy because pain management in cancer patients is not standardized, the clinical pharmacist takes a more effective role in the improvement of the drug treatment. Objectives  To study the role of clinical pharmacist intervention in pain management in cancer patients and compare them to the non-intervention group. Patients and Methods This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in Hiwa teaching hospital in Sulaimani from July 2019- January 2020, 200 patients participated in this study, they were divided into two groups randomly, the first group which includes (100 patients) with intervention by a clinical pharmacist and the second group (100 patients) was the control group with no intervention by a clinical pharmacist. All patients have malignancy and were suffering from cancer pain. They were assessed initially for their pain and followed-up for 4 weeks by direct interview or by telephone contact, the intervention group was further advised to manage any drug-related problems including (adverse effects of the drugs, dose modification, and changing drug in cooperation with the oncologist, also the patients were advised to have further adherence to the analgesic drugs. The process and outcome parameters of therapy were collected and analyzed, using SPSS-version 23. Results The pain scores in the intervention group were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of opioid and nonopioid adverse effects was significantly lower in the intervention group and they showed higher adherence to the analgesic drugs (P< 0.05)  Conclusion Clinical pharmacist has a positive role in managing the pain of patients suffering from cancer pain, also achieving better control of the pain and by minimizing adverse effects of the analgesics and increasing adherence to their medication.