a b s t r a c tEnzymatic synthesis of palm oil esters (POE) was carried out via alcoholysis of palm oil (PO) and oleyl alcohol (OA) catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM. The optimum reaction conditions were: temperature: 60 • C; enzyme load: 24.7 wt%; substrate ratio: 1:3 (PO/OA), impeller speed: 275 rpm and reaction time: 3 h. At the optimum condition, the conversion of POE was 79.54%. Reusability study showed that Lipozyme TL IM could be used for 5 cycles with conversion above 50%. The alcoholysis reaction kinetic follows the Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism characterized by the V max , K m(PO) , and K m(OA) values of 32.7 mmol/min, 0.3147 mmol/ml and 0.9483 mmol/ml, respectively. The relationship between initial reaction rate and temperature was also established based on the Arrhenius law.

Plastic waste generation has increased dramatically every day. Indiscriminate disposal of plastic wastes can lead to several negative impacts on the environment, such as a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution. Therefore, it is wise to think of other alternatives to reduce plastic wastes without affecting the environment, including converting them into valuable products using effective methods such as pyrolysis. Products from the pyrolysis process encompassing of liquid, gas, and solid residues (char) can be turned into beneficial products, as the liquid product can be used as a commercial fuel and char can function as an excellent adsorbent. The char produced from plastic wastes could be modified to enhance carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption performance. Therefore, this review attempts to compile relevant knowledge on the potential of adsorbents derived from waste plastic to capture CO2. This review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The plastic-waste-derived activated carbon, as an adsorbent, could provide a promising method to solve the two environmental issues (CO2 emission and solid management) simultaneously. In addition, the future perspective on char derived from waste plastics is highlighted.

A mixture of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide (BMIM]­[NTf2]) and monoethanolamine (MEA) were added into a dipolar aprotic solvent, sulfolane to form a nonaqueous physical-chemical absorbent for CO2 absorption. The CO2 solubility achieved highest value of 2.861 mol/kg in mixture of 30 wt % MEA + 70 wt % sulfolane (0B30M) at 303.15 K and 2004 kPa. Comprehensive data on effect of temperature, pressure, and composition on the multicomponent were measured and correlated with maximum average absolute relative deviation of 4.89%. Formation of biphasic layer was observed and it was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

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This work presents a molecular level investigation on the nature and mode of binding between imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) ([C n bim]Br where n = 2, 4, 6) with calf thymus DNA. This investigation offers valuable insight into the mechanisms of interactions that can affect the structural features of DNA and possibly cause the alteration or inhibition of DNA function. To expedite analysis, the study resorted to using molecular docking and COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) in conjunction with fluorescence spectroscopic data for confirmation and validation of computational results. Both the fluorescence and docking studies consistently revealed a weak interaction between the two molecules, which corresponded to the binding energy of a stable docking conformation in the range of −5.19 to −7.75 kcal mol −1 . As predicted, the rod-like structure of imidazolium-based ILs prefers to bind to the double-helix DNA through a minor groove. Interestingly, the occurrence of T-shape π-π stacking was observed between the amine group in adenine that faces the aromatic ring of imidazole. In addition, data of COSMO-RS for the interaction of individual nucleic acid bases to imidazolium-based ILs affirmed that ILs showed a propensity to bind to different bases, the highest being guanine followed by cytosine, thymine, uracil, and adenine. software, K.J.; validation, N.M.Y., H.A., and R.A.W.; formal analysis, K.J. and M.A.K.; investigation, N.M.Y., H.A., and R.A.W.; resources, K.J.; writing-original draft preparation, K.J. and M.A.K.; writing-review and editing, H.A., M.B.A.R., and R.A.W.; visualization, K.J., M.A.K., and N.M.Y.; supervision, M.B.A.R., H.A., and R.A.W.; funding acquisition, K.J. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.