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The ulama have played an important role in the intellectual development in the Malay Archipelago. They have significantly and meaningfully contributed in spreading knowledge, confirming to the foundation of Islamic teachings, which is fundamentally the emphasis of knowledge. History has shown that the involvement of Malay ulama when it comes to their writings as well as their role in the development of educational institutions have left a major impression on the excellence of the Malay community civilization in Malay Archipelago. As such, this paper will be focusing on the role and contribution of Malay ulama in the educational and intellectual development in Perak, especially in Madrasah Idrisiah Bukit Chandan Kuala Kangsar Perak. The establishment and development of Madrasah Idrisiah were closely related to the role of sultan and a number of prominent ulama who were the catalysts to the intellectual development of the madrasa. Based on this, the study will attempt to highlight the role of the respective ulama, as they were also very influential and proactive in the propagation of Islam in Perak.

The terminology of jihad potrays horrendous idea i.e. logophobia. This is due to its confined understanding and application by certain religious extremist groups. The absolute concept of jihad however has been distorted by the beliefs and actions of indefinite jihad, thus adversely affected worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the injustice concept of fiqh jihad executes by religious extremist groups specific to the Islamic State (IS), thru analysis documentations of inductive, deductive as well as comparative studies. The findings indicate that the IS group understand the revelation literally with no consideration on the reality extant and critical analysis by contemporary Muslim scholars. The term jihad is correspondingly synonymous to warfare (qital). Therefore, it has to be dealt with authentic narrative explanations regarding fiqh jihad according to the Islamic teaching based on the principle of wasatiyyah i.e. rahmat li alamin.

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