This study aims to assess the effect of EM application on the composting process of rice straw with goat manure and green waste and to evaluate the quality of both compost treatments. There are two treatment piles in this study, in which one pile was applied with EM and another pile without EM. Each treatment was replicated three times with 90 days of composting duration. The parameters for the temperature, pH, TOC and C/N ratio, show that decomposition of organic matter occurs during the 90-day period. The t-test conducted shows that there is a significant difference between compost with EM and compost without EM. The application of EM in compost increases the macro and micronutrient content. The following parameters support this conclusion: compost applied with EM has more N, P and K content (P < 0.05) compared to compost without EM. Although the Fe in compost with EM is much higher (P < 0.05) than in the compost without EM, for Zn and Cu, there is no significant difference between treatments. This study suggests that the application of EM is suitable to increase the mineralization in the composting process. The final resultant compost indicated that it was in the range of the matured level and can be used without any restriction.

Rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization has led to generation of large quantities of wastes. Major portion of organic waste is dumped in landfill sites, creates the organic load on the ground water, and more emissions of landfill gases. The best possible alternative to reduce these potential pollutants is through vermicomposting. Vermicomposting is essentially composting with worms. This experiment was done to determine which bedding materials (either newspaper or sawdust) is more suitable for vermicomposting by using biological parameter which measured the growth rate (pH), number of worm, number of cocoons and worm biomass. The worms were breed in vermicomposter and the period of vermicomposting using Perionyx excavatus worm is six weeks. All of the four biological parameters showed that there are significant different between this two type of bedding using ANOVA test. The Duncan test demonstrated that newspaper bedding is more influential in worm biomass production and growth rate while sawdust bedding is better for cocoons production and number of worm. For pH analysis it reveals that the optimum pH for worm growth rate is near to neutral condition. As conclusion, different types of bedding material will influence the worm growth.