Seawater intrusion is known to be a major source of groundwater quality deterioration in coastal regions globally. The high population and the modern living standards demand more water, which has put the coastal aquifers under huge stress. Approximately 60% of water production in Kelantan is sourced from groundwater where groundwater abstraction for potable water supply is at its forefront. It is shown that the high rate of water abstraction from shallow and deep wells has put the coastal aquifer under stress to meet the increasing demand, as a result the movement of seawater accelerates fast towards the land which will cause mixing of groundwater with seawater. With this background, an integrated approaches using ERI and in-situ physical and hydrogeochemical technique is used to evaluate the nature and extend of seawater intrusion of shallow aquifers in coastal parts of Kelantan. A total of eight resistivity profile with a line spread of 200 meter each has been established to provide the subsurface resistivity values. The resistivity results showed low resistivity values ranging from 0.1 – 10.0 Ω m indicating that the groundwater is considered brackish or saline. Salinity results of the water analysis showed the value of 0.1, 4.1 and 6.0 parts per thousand (ppt) which considered as saline water zones. The electrical conductivity analysis values also reveal a value ranging from 200 – 2000 µs/cm suggest that aquifer is slightly brackish. Based on the result obtained, it is clear that saline water was detected in the shallow aquifer of the study area.

The study is carried out in the northern Kelantan region, specifically at Batu Melintang, Jeli, across a distance of around 20 km2. The study’s main aim is to analyze groundwater potential that can be used for future mining or agricultural propose. Batu Melintang’s lithology consists of slate, phyllite, schist, hornfels, metasiltstone and metasandstone with granitic intrusions. Sungai Pergau and Sungai Tadoh are the major rivers in the area fed by tributary drainages located in the gold mining zones. It is crucial to assess the groundwater potential for future usage as any disruption of the watershed drainage system, could interfere with the primary surface river system which will eventually hinder the importance of Batu Melintang as a gaining popularity geotourism site. This research is conducted by using geological mapping and resistivity surveys. Four survey lines of 200 m are conducted within the study area using the Wenner configuration. Resistivity data is processed using Res2Dinv software and result with RMS error lower than 20% were produced. Both pseudosection of lines L1 and L2 show the occurrence of fresh groundwater (1-100ohm.m) at a depth of 5 meters and below the surface. It also shows the activity of normal faulting that might produce the aquifer. In the cases of LS3 and LS4, potential groundwater found in the continuous low angle aquifer located deeper around 10m to 30m might also be produced by the activity of the thrust fault. The study also found that the best groundwater potential occurred in the zone within the fractured bedrock of metamorphic rock.

A newly discovered giant Sauropod trackways from Bukit Panau Hill, Tanah Merah District in Kelantan reveals that northern Kelantan was inhabited by dinosaur 65 to 144 million years ago probably in the Cretaceous period. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the discovery of the first Sauropod fossil in Malaysia and is also a preliminary study of the existence of Sauropod in Malaysia in particular. At least 7 tracks averagely 66 cm in wide and 72 cm in length are within the size range of large cretaceous sauropods such suggests an animal reaching a length of 22 meter long and 9 meters high, with weight estimated 30 to 40 metric tons.

The electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) survey was conducted to delineate the distribution of sediment in the gold-bearing layer and the nature of bedrock within the study area at Batu Melintang. The study area is known as a highly potential zone of gold mineralization due to its location within the Bentong-Raub suture zone. Miners are having difficulties to have a proper mining activities plan as the alluvium distribution is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to identify the sediment in the subsurface of the mining area and to locate the high potential deposit containing gold. ERI survey concerns with resistivity (ohm.m) value of rocks in the subsurface. This research was conducted by using the Schlumberger array with the total number of survey lines are four. All the survey line were done in 200m with 2.5m electrode spacing except for survey line 3 which was done at 100m with 1.5m electrode spacing. All the data obtained is processed in RES2DINV software. The results show variable resistivity ranging from 1-4000ohm.m with a depth of investigation is approximately 35m for 200m length of survey line and depth of 16m for 100m length of survey line. Low resistivity zones of 10-800ohm.m show the values for alluvium present in the area while high resistivity zones of 2000-4000ohm.m indicate values for bedrock. Alluvium layer is identified located around 15m depth, whereas the depth of bedrock is about 20m. This survey gives the general idea of the alluvium distribution, old river channel and the depth of bedrock that can be used for volume estimation and facilitates to create a proper sustainable mining plan in the future

The slope failure phenomenon is a common natural hazard in Malaysia in which due to the change in slope angle, weathering, heavy rainfall, and overloading. This research is focusing on analyzing the subsurface condition of slope failure in Kg Bukit Selar, Jeli, Kelantan by the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) method. Geologically, the study area mainly composed of granitic rocks (microgranite and porphyritic granite). A total of five resistivity survey lines using Schlumberger and Pole-Dipole array with a 200m spread was conducted at the failed slope. ABEM Terrameter LS was used to collect field data, and processed by using RES2DINV software. The results were presented in the form of two-dimensional (2D) resistivity profiles providing a view of the subsurface distribution of the granitic rock, geological structures, and water content. The results show that the slope failed due to the presence of groundwater. The findings in this study show that the resistivity survey is a reliable method for slope failure investigation. The slope failures due to seepage problems were successfully being investigated using the ERI method.