Engineering science is one of the core courses that must be taken by students in engineering. There is no doubt that too many laws and concepts to be learned and understood will cause students to feel difficult and less interested in pursuing engineering science. Many studies have shown that learning motivation and understanding can be achieved through educational games. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to help engineering students learn and understand concepts by using educational card games through immersive technology. Card development and evaluation methods have been done while pre and post test have been conducted to see the effectiveness of the card against respondents. As a result, it shows that card designs play a role in enhancing student understanding while providing positive attitudes towards the use of the educational card games with immersive technology in engineering science learning. Notwithstanding, the outcome of the survey of the respondents involved in the test shows the enthusiasm and determination to use the card games. As a result, it can be highlighted and applied to all students.

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The purchase of Halal Certified Products is especially important because the halal market continues to grow rapidly and the development of a halal lifestyle in society causes the potential market for halal products to increase. The objective of this research is to identify the level of awareness and factors that influence the purchase intention on Halal Certified Products among University students. The target respondents are students from 3 faculties in University Technology Malaysia. To complete this study, quantitative research was conducted and undergraduate and postgraduate students from 3 faculties were selected as a respondent in this survey. A set of questionnaires was developed and distributed to 152 respondents including 39 respondents for the pilot test result. The data was collected via Google Forms and analyses by using SPSS version 25. The findings indicated that the University students had an elevated level of awareness and purchase intention towards Halal Certified Products. The correlation analysis shows a significant positive relationship between Factors of Purchase Behavior and the Intention on purchasing Halal Certified Products. The result emphasized on the importance of Halal purchase and consumption to ensure the role of the Muslim consumer has been complied. This research also suggests some recommendations for future studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia students, and other university students.

Lean manufacturing practices (LMP) is considered a manufacturing philosophy that can lead to global manufacturing performance. It gives manufacturers a competitive advantage by enhancing their economic, environmental, and social positions. This study aims to examine the relationship between LMP and sustainability among Malaysia's manufacturing organisations. Specifically, it investigates the mediating role of manufacturing performance (MP) on the relationship between LMP and sustainability. Consequently, this study integrates both the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Stakeholder Theory to map and position the possible relationships between the variables in the conceptual framework. This study applies the quantitative method in which a questionnaire is developed through an extensive literature review. The population size for this study is 2368 firms, based on the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM). In this study, the unit of analysis embodies the middle up to the top management of the selected firms. The survey questionnaires were randomly distributed to a sample of 335 manufacturing organisations in Malaysia, with a 30.4 per cent response rate. The data obtained were analysed using PLS-SEM. The results indicated i) a positive relationship between LMP and sustainability, ii) a positive relationship between LMP and MP, iii) a positive relationship between MP and sustainability, and iv) a mediating role of MP in the relationship between LMP and sustainability. Hence, LMP provides a better insight into Malaysia's manufacturing organisations by considering manufacturing performance and economical, social, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, future research also can be done through empirical study if the variables of lean manufacturing practices can be formed into multidimensionality which current study had tested lean manufacturing practices in unidimensionality. Multidimensionality perhaps could identify precise practices of lean manufacturing practices in contribution to increase the manufacturing performance towards sustainability.

Due to the increasing demand for Halal products, the industry is expected to grow significantly. The various components of the industry that engage in this process include food, non-food, and services. The services offered in Halal logistics are warehousing, transportation, and terminal operations. There are three principles in Halal logistics that are made according to the requirements of the Islamic law. These include avoiding contact with Haram, ensuring that the products are not contaminated, and addressing the awareness of the Muslim consumer on Halal logistics. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the level of awareness and factors contribute to awareness of Halal logistics among Muslims in Johor Bahru district. To complete the study, quantitative research was conducted, and Muslims population in Johor Bahru state were selected as a respondent in this survey. A set of questionnaires was developed and distributed to the respondents, and a total of respondents are 110 respondents. The descriptive statistical analysis in the form of percentage and frequency was utilized to evaluate the data obtained in the questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis is used to analyze data related to the level of awareness and factors that contribute to awareness of Halal logistics. The findings of this study suggest that religious belief plays a major role in determining their Halal logistics awareness product consumption.