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The interactive effect of salicylic acid and sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. 'Inqlab' (salt-sensitive) and cv. 'S-24' (salt-tolerant) was studied in a sand-culture pot experiment in a net house. Wheat seeds soaked in water and 100 ppm salicylic acid solution for 6 h were sown in sand salinized with 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. Pots were irrigated with quarter-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. Fourteen-day-old seedlings were harvested, and growth parameters (leaf and root length, leaf and root dry weight) were recorded. Chlorophyll a and b content; soluble sugar (reducing, nonreducing, and total sugars) content; nitrate (NR) and nitrite reductase activity (NiR); soluble proteins, and total soluble amino acid content of fresh leaves were determined. Sodium chloride salinity significantly reduced growth parameters. Salicylic acid treatment alleviated the adverse salinity effect on growth. Salinity decreased the chlorophyll a and b content and chlorophyll a/b ratio in both varieties, but a decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was less in salttolerant wheat variety ('S-24'), which could be a useful marker for selecting a salttolerant variety. Salinity (NaCl) stress considerably increased the accumulation of reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, and total soluble sugars in leaves of 14-day-old wheat seedlings of both varieties. The salt-tolerant variety ('S-24') accumulated a higher sugar content, which also could be a useful marker for selecting a salttolerant variety for slat-affected areas. Salinity caused a reduction in nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity. The salt-tolerant variety ('S-24') showed resistance to a decrease of nitrate reductase activity under salinity. This could be a useful criterion for selecting salt-tolerant varieties. In response to salinity, wheat seedlings accumulated soluble proteins and amino acids, which might reflect a saltprotective mechanism.

Aims: To evaluate preventive (pre-treated) and curative (post treated) potential of gemmomodified and native extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra for alleviating harmful changes in lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TG, TC) and cardiac enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, SGPT) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial injury in rabbits. Study Design: In vivo study.

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Aim: To determine the serum testosterone levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with biochemical parameters of glycemic and lipid metabolism. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Diabetic outpatient department and Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital. Male type 2 diabetics (n=100) and age matched male (n=100) were included as cases and control for study purpose. Diagnosed cases of type 2 DM, male gender and 40 – 60 years of age were included in the study protocol. Physical examination of male type 2 diabetics was performed by a consultant physician. Sera were separated from blood and stored in refrigerators at – 200C. Blood glucose, A1C, and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc and HDLc) were detected by standard laboratory methods. Serum testosterone was measured by ELISA (competitive immuno- assay) assay commercial kit. Data was entered in Statistical software SPSS 21.0 version (IBM, Incorp, USA) for statistical analysis (P≤0.05). Results: Mean±SD age of male type 2 diabetics was 53.2 ± 11.1 years compared to 54.5±10.4 years in control (P=0.056). Serum Testosterone in cases was 10.85±4.7 mmol/L compared to 13.39±3.8mmol/L in control (P=0.0001). Low testosterone level was noted in 46% male.Serum Testosterone shows inverse correlation with RBG (r= -0.31, P=0.003), A1C (r= -0.23, P=0.014), Cholesterol (r= -0.24, P=0.014), TAGs (r= --0.78, P=0.0001) and HDLc(r= -0.70, P=0.0001). Serum testosterone proved positively correlated with LDLc(r= 0.670, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study finds low serum testosterone in male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients