Salicylic Acid–Induced Growth and Biochemical Changes in Salt‐Stressed Wheat

Abstract

The interactive effect of salicylic acid and sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. 'Inqlab' (salt-sensitive) and cv. 'S-24' (salt-tolerant) was studied in a sand-culture pot experiment in a net house. Wheat seeds soaked in water and 100 ppm salicylic acid solution for 6 h were sown in sand salinized with 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. Pots were irrigated with quarter-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. Fourteen-day-old seedlings were harvested, and growth parameters (leaf and root length, leaf and root dry weight) were recorded. Chlorophyll a and b content; soluble sugar (reducing, nonreducing, and total sugars) content; nitrate (NR) and nitrite reductase activity (NiR); soluble proteins, and total soluble amino acid content of fresh leaves were determined. Sodium chloride salinity significantly reduced growth parameters. Salicylic acid treatment alleviated the adverse salinity effect on growth. Salinity decreased the chlorophyll a and b content and chlorophyll a/b ratio in both varieties, but a decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was less in salttolerant wheat variety ('S-24'), which could be a useful marker for selecting a salttolerant variety. Salinity (NaCl) stress considerably increased the accumulation of reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, and total soluble sugars in leaves of 14-day-old wheat seedlings of both varieties. The salt-tolerant variety ('S-24') accumulated a higher sugar content, which also could be a useful marker for selecting a salttolerant variety for slat-affected areas. Salinity caused a reduction in nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity. The salt-tolerant variety ('S-24') showed resistance to a decrease of nitrate reductase activity under salinity. This could be a useful criterion for selecting salt-tolerant varieties. In response to salinity, wheat seedlings accumulated soluble proteins and amino acids, which might reflect a saltprotective mechanism.

Tuzluluk Stresi altında Lathyrus sativus L.'nin Çimlenme ve Büyümesini İyileştirmede, Salisilik Asit ile Tohum Priming Uygulaması

“…Entesari et al (2012) reported the same effect on the mung bean grown under salinity stress and primed with SA. Hamid et al (2010) reported that SA priming of wheat seeds under salinity stress resulted in the production of more vigorous and larger seedlings and enhanced chlorophyll, dissolved sugars and proteins content of the plant. The positive effect of SA treatment on seedling growth under salinity stress could probably be caused by the involvement of this growth regulator in cell division (Shakirova et al, 2003;Dolatabadian et al, 2009).…”

Exogenous mammalian sex hormones mitigate inhibition in growth by enhancing antioxidant activity and synthesis reactions in germinating maize seeds under salt stress

“…These findings are in accordance with previous studies. Many researchers have reported that accumulation of sugar and proline was enhanced in response to environmental stresses 22, 33, 34. It is possible to say that enhanced proline and sugar content might be contributing mitigating effects of MSH under salt stress.…”

“…Reductions in growth in salt‐stressed plants are well documented and are mainly attributed to water deficit, nutritional imbalance and specific ion toxicity 1, 2. Besides, it is possible that salt‐stressed plants utilize energy for osmotic adjustment processes at the cost of growth 2, 22. Improvement of seedling growth in salt‐stressed seeds in response to MSH may be related to the induction of metabolic activity containing synthesis reactions and enzyme activities.…”

“…Salinity generally increases protein content in plants. These proteins are probably the stress proteins which play important roles in osmotic adjustment and protection of metabolic pathways and some enzymes under stress conditions 22, 26. The present findings elucidated that MSH treatment significantly increased soluble protein content under salt stress.…”

Mitigation of Salinity Effects by Salicylic Acid Priming on Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia L.)

“…Whereas application of SA enhanced germination percentage by 13.05%, vigor index by 68.60%, mean germination time by 39.74% compared to respective NaCl treatments (Alamri et al, 2018). Hamid et al (2010) reported that SA priming of wheat seeds under salinity stress resulted in the production of more vigorous and larger seedlings and enhanced chlorophyll, dissolved sugars and proteins content of the plant.…”