The world’s population grows yearly, so increasing food production is necessary, to meet consumer demands. This production must be clean; thus, sustainable agriculture seems to represent a solution. However, social, economic, and environmental barriers impede the adoption of this practice. Therefore, this research identified these barriers, according to the sustainability triple-bottom line through a literature review, and analyzed which barriers are more influential and vulnerable to influences, using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method, as well as by considering the opinions of 30 mixed crop producers. As a result, eleven barriers were identified; and “technical knowledge and qualified workforce” was the most influential on not adopting sustainable agriculture. A multi-criteria model was provided and could be replicated in further research. Thus, sustainable practices are provided, to minimize the barriers’ negative impacts and assist producers; highlighting investment and policies for training farmers to have the technical knowledge to practice sustainable agriculture. Theoretical implications were reviewed, such as an analysis of the barriers found in the literature and the lack of studies reporting on the difficulty of producers in adopting sustainable agriculture, as well as the practical implications of providing assistance and transferring knowledge, to eliminate these barriers, so that sustainable practices can be efficiently implemented.
Introduction: The aim of this research is fourfold: (i) analyze which countries have the most publications on suicide among agricultural workers, (ii) understand the factors that lead to either suicide or intent, (iii) identify the methods of suicide or attempted suicide, and (iv) propose preventive measures so that rural agricultural workers are not exposed to risk factors to suicide. Methods: A literature review was conducted for the period 1996-2019; the Scopus, Lilacs, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Science Direct databases were searched, resulting in 44 articles deemed relevant to this research.Results: Agricultural workers were considered to be workers who perform agricultural activities, as either employees or employers.Australia, China, India, and Brazil had the most publications, and the causes of suicide were mostly easy access to or exposure to pesticides, and socioeconomic factors, such as masculinity, conditions of poverty, and social isolation. Conclusion:Compared with other workers, agricultural workers can be a group at risk, with a great number of factors leading to suicide. Based on the available literature, proposals for suicide prevention are suggested.
This paper attempts to identify the impact of the 2015 economic crisis on the economic and financial scenario of the Brazilian food industry between 2012-2016. For this, a descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out in 15 food industry companies listed on BM&FBovespa. The analysis was based on the financial economic indicators of liquidity, profitability, indebtedness and economic activity. The data for the study were collected from the database of the BMF&Bovespa website considering the years from 2012 to 2016, also data tabulation and charting were done in Microsoft Office Excel 2010, using the average of the indicators for each year. Interestingly, the results showed a crisis in the sector and it can be measured its effects on the billing, total assets, net profits of the companies beyond their ability to honor their debts, among others. It was verified that the worst moment of the crisis of the sector was in 2015 and that the Brazilian food industry is already recovering from 2016. Thus, it can be inferred that the economic-financial indicators of the Brazilian food industry presented significant variations in the period of the Brazilian economic crisis of 2015.
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