Introduction: In cerebral palsy the greater neurologically compromised patients have the highest functional involvement of the masticatory system and the highest structural involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). These conditions contribute to the likelihood of the onset of articular and muscular disorders. These disorders affect the orofacial region and can cause pain, audible noise upon articulation, irregular mandibular functions with deviations, known as Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunctions (TMD). Traditionally, clinical studies have been limited to articular restrictions in detriment to the various neurological and motor clinical aspects. The objective of this research is to examine studies which investigated the prevalence of TMD signs in cerebral palsy, as well as studies about several aspects of the pathology surrounding TMD, including functional, structural, neurological, and clinical aspects. Materials and Methods: We carried out literature review of several studies published between 1976 and 2014. Scielo, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, DARE, Psych Info, ERIC, AMI, Cochrane, and PEDro databases were used to research literature on TMD using the following keywords without restrictions: cerebral palsy, temporomandibular disorders, and rehabilitation. Results: The literature showed that signs of TMD in cerebral palsy may be prevalent in severe clinical forms which can make cervical control more difficult and lead to postural deviations. Conclusion: Craniometric changes in head circunference may limit TMJ and occlusion movements, worsened by hypertonia and asymmetry in the pterygoid and masseter muscles. Children with swallowing and oropharyngeal difficulties are more likely to show signs of TMD.
Introdução: A impactação dentária é uma condição em que a erupção completa de um dente é interrompida em razão de seu contato com outro(s) dente(s). A falta de espaço disponível na região bucal ocorre devido ao menor crescimento ósseo da caixa craniana em detrimento dos maxilares, apresentando, em 33% dos casos, terceiros molares impactados. A sintomatologia dolorosa precoce e sinais, tais como febre, anorexia, trismo e mastigação dificultada podem caracterizar a presença de uma pericoronarite local, sendo a remoção cirúrgica do terceiro molar frequentemente indicada. As complicações pós-operatórias também podem ocorrer e limitar o prognóstico clínico deste procedimento. Objetivo/Método: Neste estudo retrospectivo, analisou-se a incidência destas intercorrências em prontuários de pacientes na Clínica de Odontologia, da Unicastelo, em 2008. Resultados: A análise descritiva dos dados revelou complicações em 75% dos indivíduos, com predomínio da dor pós-operatória em 77,2% (n=24). Conclusão: Esses resultados mostram à importância de considerar a dor, após exodontia, frente às intervenções terapêuticas adotadas.
Introdução. A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma encefalopatia crônica não evolutiva, estacionária, com distúrbio de motricidade e sensorial, resultante de uma lesão cerebral no início do desenvolvimento neuromaturacional, que, de acordo com a severidade, pode evoluir com deformidades ortopédicas. Objetivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as deformidades existentes em crianças portadoras de tetraplegia e associá-las ao uso precoce de cadeira de rodas adaptada. Método. Foram avaliadas 10 crianças portadoras de PC tetraplégica entre 5 e 13 anos, com tônus espástico, atetóide ou misto, que faziam uso deste mobiliário. O estudo foi realizado na clínica de fisioterapia da Uninove, através de um questionário oferecido aos pais sobre adaptações existentes na cadeira de rodas, tempo de uso, órteses utilizadas, deformidades associadas e recursos adotados para sentar as crianças antes de adaptar a cadeira. Resultados. Os resultadosobtidos demonstraram que a grande maioria das crianças que iniciaram o uso tardio de cadeira de rodas, mesmo com as principais adaptações e acessórios necessários, apresentou deformidades. Foi verificado também que essas deformidades estão diretamente relacionadas ao tônus predominante espástico e ao mau posicionamento precoce. Conclusão. Pode-se concluir que o uso da cadeira de rodas adaptada é muito importante na prevenção de deformidades, principalmente quando associada ao seu uso precoce.
Introduction: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement is usually a last resort in the surgical treatment of end-stage joint disease. For all this gear to work efficiently, occlusion, articulation, musculature, ligaments, and psychological factors must be in complete harmony. As a treatment, implantation of a total alloplastic TMJ prosthesis. Objective: It was to demonstrate, through a systematic review, the main considerations and clinical outcomes of the treatment of temporomandibular disorders with different types of prostheses. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from February to April 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, using articles from 2013 to 2023. Results and Conclusion: A total of 127 articles were found, 60 articles were evaluated and 31 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 12 studies with a high risk of bias and 33 studies that did not meet GRADE. Based on the results, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) treatment is diverse and depends on the type of disease, as well as the duration and subjective level of pain. Alloplastic reconstruction can be advantageous in obtaining a rapid improvement in symptoms and rapid rehabilitation of masticatory function. Treatment of functional TMD is commonly based on conservative therapy, including physical therapy, pain therapy, and splinting therapy. Depending on the severity of TMD, treatment varies according to the degree of surgical invasion. Thus, the TMJ prosthesis seems to be reserved for patients with persistent pain, bone or fibrous ankylosis, or osteomyelitis after primary closed or open treatment of mandibular condyle fractures. Quality of life, mouth opening, and daily eating improved significantly after total TMJ prosthesis.
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