RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted) is a chemokine engaged in the pathophysiology of diabetes type 2 (T2DM), related cardiovascular complications, dyslipidemia and hypertension that are major modifiable risk factors of T2DM. VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) plays a role in diabetic vascular complications. Atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) is a lipid aberration defined as the incidence of raised triglycerides (TG) and dimished high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and associated with residual cardiovascular risk. However, the association between chemokine and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic disturbances is still unclear, and few data are available. The aim of this study was to estimate serum RANTES, serum lipid composition, VEGF, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with T2DM and elucidate their relationship in a sample of Egyptian premenopausal women. Serum level of RANTES, VEGF, lipids and body composition were assessed in 100 premenopausal women with T2DM (mean age 35 years old) and 100 healthy controls. Significant increase in serum RANTES level and VEGF was observed in T2DM compared to the control group. Positive correlations between elevated RANETS and increased values of VEGF, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass, LDL-C, TG, total cholesterol and presence of MS were observed in T2DM patients. Elevated RANTES concentration is associated with AD risk, abnormal metabolic components and VEGF levels. This study pinpoints the importance of RANTES as a novel biomarker for dyslipidemia and metabolic disturbance in T2DM patients.

Background: Chemerin has been newly defined to be released from mature adipocytes and the chemerin concentrations in human serum augmented with obesity. There is a subclinical chronic low-grade inflammatory response where insulin resistance (IR) may develop. The aim of this study is to expound the prospective role of chemerin the in inflammation. Also, investigate relation between chemerin and serum lipid, glucose, body fat percentage, and metabolic parameters in obese and lean women with IR. Lymphocytes and neutrophils play a major role in inflammation and comprise the first line of defense against infection. The ratio of absolute neutrophil count to lymphocyte count, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), determined as is a novel inflammatory biomarker utilized as a prognostic factor in numerous diseases Methods: This study was designed to investigate serum chemerin, NLR, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in 50 obese women with IR and 50 lean healthy women. Results: Obese group had significant higher levels of serum chemerin, NLR, hsCRP levels and metabolic parameters than lean one. Chemerin also correlated positively with NLR inflammatory marker and body mass index (BMI). Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was related to pro‐inflammatory Conclusion: The present study elucidates that chemerin levels are concomitant with obesity and IR and could play a role in the inflammation, having key aspects of metabolic syndrome.

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We aimed to evaluate the levels of serum tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)alone and in diabetic nephropathy(DN) and assess their relation with other clinical features. This study was conducted on 30 patients withT2D, 30 with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 50 age- corresponded healthy individuals. Serum MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were measured with ELISA in patients and controls. Elevated serum concetrations of TIMP-1 and MMP-1 were recognized in DN group compared to patients with T2D alone as well as controls. Positive correlation was also observed between MMP-1, TIMP-1, FBG and HbA1c in DN group. In multiple linear regression analysis HBLA1c, TG and low HDL were selected as components significantly related to MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in DN patients. in conclusion, serum MMP-1 and TIMP-1were significantly increased in DN. Further, in DM type 2 both markers were not significantly increased than controls. These blood biomarkers are associated with DN and might be salutary in clinical discrimination of DN in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial moderator of neuronal plasticity in adults, a potential association between BDNF and depression has been reported. Besides BDNF plays a role in glucose and energy metabolism. Methods: This work included 180 women (25-55 years old). Ninety diabetic patients with the clinical diagnosis of depression and 90 were normal controls. Plasma BDNF was evaluated using ELISA. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) consisting of 20 objects with a Likert-type scale after each was used. HbA1c were measured in each patient using a clinical auto-analyzer. Results: BDNF levels in serum decreased significantly in diabetic depressed women compared to controls. Moreover, BDNF levels were inversely proportional to age, BMI, HbAc1 and LDL.Conclusion: The study suggests that age, BMI, HbAc1 have a definite impact on the circulating levels of BDNF in peripheral blood. The outcomes delineate that BDNF could participate in glucose impairment and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients.