Background: The functional insufficiency of salivary glands constitute the common oral complaints in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The treatment with stem cell could decrease diabetic-induced hyposalivation and improve the quality of life for patients. Objective: The current study designed to assess the biological outcome of systemic injection of stem cells on the parotid salivary gland in streptozotocin induced diabetic. Methods: Twenty-four albino rats received intra-peritoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin for induction of diabetes and were divided into two groups (n = 12): Group I (control) were kept without any manipulation, Group II received intravenous injection of 1×106 of mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow derived for two days. All rats were sacrificed at 1, 3 weeks, then the parotid glands were isolated, fixed and processed for Heamatoxylin and Eosin examination, immunohistochemical staining for aquaporin-5. Results: group I groups showed intracellular cytoplasmic vacuoles and focal loss of salivary architecture, while group II showed maintenance of gland architecture. Immunohistochemical examination of aquaporin-5 showed significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: bone marrow derived stem cell treatment considers as an improved methods in prevention and treatment of diabeticinduced hyposalivation.

Introduction:Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is active against malignant salivary gland tumors. However, cisplatin causes various concomitant adverse effects, such as mucostis, hyposalivation, and cytotoxicity which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Annona muricata a strong antioxidant was considered effective against inflammatory, oxidative stress and free radical-induced damage.Objective: Investigation of the possible ameliorating effects of Annona muricata against cisplatin induced injury in parotid gland of albino rats. Material and methods:Thirty adult male Sprague dawley rats weighing from 200 -250 gm and 2.5-3 months of age were divided into 3 equal groups. Group I: received 6 mg /kg body wt. of saline by i.p. injection. Group II: received 6 mg /kg body wt. of cisplatin once by i.p. injection. Group III: received 6 mg /kg body wt. of cisplatin once by i.p. injection, then after 3 days animals start receiving 200 mg / kg body wt. of annona orally for 40 days. Five animals of each group were sacrificed with over dose anesthesia after 20 and 40 days from the beginning of treatment with annona. Parotid glands were excised and prepared for routine histological examination using heamatoxylin and eosin stain, Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of catalase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde.Results: Administration of Annona muricata ameliorate the histological picture and tissue architecture of the parotid glands, decrease the apoptotic effect and the lipid peroxidation induced by cisplatin and increase the level of catalase enzyme. Conclusion: Annona muricata extract has shown considerable antioxidant ameliorating effect against the undesirable effect of cisplatin, which could be considered for further investigation towards therapeutic application.

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