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Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is adevelopmental odontogenic cyst in the jaw. Because of its diverse histopathologic features and biological behavior, there has long been confusion with regard to its nature as a cyst or neoplasm. This study evaluated the proliferative activity of 57 COC samples, including simple cyst (10 cases), cystic neoplasm (34 cases), solid neoplasm (6 cases) and combined lesion (7 cases) by p53 and PCNA immunohistochemical staining. For assessment of p53 and PCNA positivity, the number of positively stained cells with brown-stained nuclei was counted in 1000 cells from each sample. p53 and PCNA expression in the solid neoplasm subtype were significantly higher when compared to cystic neoplasm and simple cyst (P < 0.05). The lowest p53 and PCNA expression was found in the simple cyst subtype. p53 and PCNA expression in the basal and suprabasal layers was significantly higher in the solid subtype when compared to others, and the difference between COC groups was significant. The results demonstrated that within benign types of COC, the amount of p53 and PCNA in proliferative epithelium is significantly higher when compared to non-proliferative epithelium.

Background: Breast cancer prognosis is influenced by several histopathology and clinical factors including expression of Ki67 which may have a predictive role in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess Ki67 expression in breast cancers without axillary lymph node involvement and to evaluate its prognostic value with regard to disease-free survival. Materials and Methods: Subjects were selected from non-metastatic invasive breast cancer patients who were referred to the oncology department of Ghaem hospital during 1 April 2001 to 1 April 2008. Ki67 levels were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared with clinicopathological features. The relation of Ki67 expression with disease-free survival was also analysed. Results: A total of 106 women with a mean age of 49 were examined. Some 94.3% were classified as having invasive ductal carcinomas and the mean tumour diameter at the time of diagnosis was 2.8 cm. Some 50.9% of cases were ER positive and 47.2% were PR positive. P53 expression was positive in 48.1% of the cases. According to the IHC results, only 8.5% of the patients were Her2/neu positive. Ki67 was positive in 66 (62.3%) with a significant relation to lower age (p=0.0229) and P53 positivity (p=0.005). After an average of 40-months follow up, 13 (12.3%) demonstrated recurrence, most commonly systemic. Of 13 cases with relapse, 10 patients (77%) were Ki67 positive. Conclusions: In our population Ki67 appeared to be an independent prognostic factor for three-year survival. However, we stress that a survival study with a bigger sample size would help to support this conclusion.

IntroductionOrgan transplantation is the treatment of choice for some diseases. However, the need for cadaveric organ donation has either plateaued or is on a decreasing trend in some countries, especially in developed ones. In this study, we aimed to identify the barriers to organ donation in brain dead patients, who were referred to the organ procurement organizations (OPO) in northeast Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study during 2006 to 2013, data were collected from medical records of brain dead patients. Demographic information, cause of brain death, the process of obtaining informed consent, and the reasons for declining organ donation were obtained from the OPO records. The data were analyzed using chi-square test by SPSS 13 software.ResultsOf 1034 brain dead patients, 751 cases (72.6%) were eligible for organ donation, and, ultimately, 344 cases underwent organ donation. The rate of organ donation increased during the course of the study; medical and legal reasons as well as family refusal to authorize donation were the main barriers to the process.ConclusionBased on the pattern of mortality, the need for living donors in developing countries, such as Iran and other countries in the Mediterranean region, can be reduced by improving the quality of healthcare, efficient identification of brain death, and obtaining consent with appropriate strategies.