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Sugerencias de docentes directivos para mejorar la formación práctica en las carreras de pedagogía: Transitando de acciones fragmentadas a una participación legítima en los colegios* School administrators' suggestions for improving the practicum component of initial teacher preparation: Moving from fragmented actions to legitimate participation in schools Sugestões de diretores na escolas em relação aos aspectos da prática progressivo que precisam ser melhorados na formação inicial de professores: Trânsito de ações fragmentadas para a participação legítima nas escolas

Este estudio fue financiado por Fondecyt (Proyecto N° 1110505). Financiamiento adicional fue provisto para la primera autora a través de CONICYT-FB 003. Este artículo presenta resultados parciales de la tesis doctoral de la primera autora bajo la dirección de la segunda autora.Transitando desde la observación a la acción pedagógica en la práctica inicial: Aprender a enseñar con foco en el aprendizaje del alumnado RESUMEN Este estudio examina la trayectoria de aprendizaje profesional de seis estudiantes de pedagogía participantes en un programa de innovación en la práctica inicial. La innovación se sustentó en el enfoque sociocultural de aprendizaje. Se realizó una versión abreviada de investigación evolutiva en el trabajo (Engeström) en los talleres de práctica semanal donde ellos participaron junto con tutores universitarios, profesora mentora e investigadora Notas de campo y análisis de las conversaciones evidenciaron cómo la incorporación de tareas auténticas a la labor docente y herramientas de mediación con voces de la academia y del centro escolar, movilizaron a los practicantes desde un foco en su enseñanza hacia un foco en el aprendizaje de sus estudiantes. Estos resultados ejemplifican la importancia de construir nuevas configuraciones para el currículo de la práctica inicial que enfrenten a candidatos a tareas auténticas al quehacer docente, con mediación conjunta de pares, profesores mentores y tutores, que fortalezcan su agencia profesional.Palabras claves: Formación inicial docente, formación práctica, práctica inicial, enfoques socioculturales aprendizaje docente ABSTRACT The current study examines the professional learning trajectory of six teacher candidates in their first school placement. They were participants in a redesigned practicum component guided by sociocultural learning theory. Data were collected through the use of an abbreviated form of the Development Work Research (Engeström) during the weekly meeting of candidates, cooperating teachers and university practicum supervisor. An analysis of field notes and transcripts of the conversations among participants evidences how performing tasks authentic to teaching and the mediating tools used by cooperating teachers and supervisors moved candidates from a focus on their teaching to a concern for how much their students were learning. These findings exemplify the importance of designing and implementing the initial practicum course as a space that enables teacher candidates to work on authentic teaching tasks, with the joint mediation of peers, cooperating teacher and university tutor, to strengthen professional agency.

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The current study examines senior school leaders’ theories of action driving their decision-making around how they manage departments and distribute leadership to department heads. Based on a thematic analysis of transcripts of interviews with the principal, head of the curriculum unit, and two department heads from nine high schools, four approaches for managing departments were identified: (a) quasi self-managing units; (b) hierarchical managerial control; (c) participatory management; and (d) transitioning from hierarchical control to incipient participatory management. All approaches, to varying degrees, involved hierarchical managerial control and, to a greater or lesser extent, department heads participated in decision-making. At the centre of the distinct patterns for the distribution of leadership associated with each management model was a concern for aligning teachers’ improvement priorities. These approaches are examined through a distributed leadership lens in terms of their potential affordances and constraints for strengthening the contributions of departments to school improvement processes. The main conclusion is that variations in how senior leaders manage departments for the distribution of leadership need to be understood in the context of a school's history and culture.