Wound healing is a complex phenomenon. Only after defining the specific biologic processes of a particular wound the clinician can formulate a rational treatment. Therefore, a good clinician should have a very clear definition of the mechanism of wound healing. Irrespective of the type of wound and extent of the tissue loss, the healing of every wound is a continuous process. Division of the healing process into phases refers to the fundamental morphological alterations in the course of the repair process without reflecting the actual complexity of the process. The usual division is into four healing phases viz. haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. It is a complex process requiring the collaborative efforts of a number of different tissues and cell mediators. In Ayurvedic literature particularly in Sushruta Samhita a vast description of etiology, pathogenesis, classification and treatment of the wounds is available. So far as the healing of a wound is concerned detailed clinical features of each phase of healing have been mentioned. Understanding of these features is very important for the successful and uneventful management of the wounds. Even in today's highly sophisticated era when we have a vast knowledge of the mechanism of healing at the cellular level the clinical presentation as described in Ayurvedic literature is of immense value. Critical analysis of the phased mannered features of wound healing described in ancient Indian texts reveals that they still stand true in the present time. This paper is an effort to elaborate and interpret these clinical features of wound healing according to the present day understanding.

Aloe vera (Liliaceae) is well known for its medicinal properties. It contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and other compounds which exhibit medicinal, cosmetic and pharmacological properties. There is a lack of production of aloe leaf to meet the industry demand and therefore the means to facilitate large-scale aloe cultivation schemes need to be developed. Because sexual reproduction by seeds is almost ineffective in Aloe vera due to male sterility and vegetative propagation by offshoots is only possible during the growing seasons, there is a need to develop a propagation method to facilitate large-scale cultivation. In vitro regeneration of medicinal plants is important and there is the potential for the production of high-quality plant-based medicine. In the present study, an attempt has been made to enhance in vitro caulogenesis and aloin content in plants in the presence of a precursor (tryptophan) in the nutrient media. For in vitro culture establishment and shoot bud multiplication, MS basal media were used supplemented with different concentrations and different combinations of growth regulators such as BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and IAA (3-indole acetic acid). Shoot proliferation was optimal in MS medium containing 2.0 mg l ¡1 BAP. For evaluation of in vitro enhancement of aloin production the precursor tryptophan was added to the nutrient media at different levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg l ¡1 ). Addition of 20 mg l ¡1 tryptophan induced a 2.43-fold increase in aloin content in multiple shoots cultures of Aloe barbadensis.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection encountered in pediatric age group. The incidence varies with age, being more prevalent among boys during infancy and later on in girls. It generally resolves with proper antibiotic treatment. However certain part of pediatric population is at high risk of developing recurrent UTI due to its high association with urinary tract malformation. Recurrent UTI is known to be associated with long term consequencesrenal parenchymal damage and scarring due to presence of infection in anatomical malformations. Long term antimicrobial prophylaxis is usually considered with an aim to sterilize urine to prevent from recurrence. But its utility is declining due to emergence of increasing number of multi drug resistant bacteria and poor compliance to treatment. These issues have led to a continuous exploration of different modes of alternative therapy. Thus an attempt has been made in this review paper to formulate more efficacious and safe Ayurvedic herbal management in context with Recurrent UTI.