IntroductionFibromyalgia is a chronic disease. This diagnosis has been controversial in scientific society. However, there is one fact: there are women who feel not only uncontrollable and non-specific body pain, but also psychological symptoms.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of online sessions versus in onsite sessions. To demonstrate that online mindfulness sessions could help to reduce pain in patients with a diagnosis of fibromialgya.MethodA website created to give education and advice to women with fibromyalgia related to the disease was used as a platform to offer online mindfulness sessions.Two hundred and thirty-four patients with fibromyalgia asked to participate in the online sessions, but only 13 were included in the study. Nineteen other women received onsite mindfulness sessions. Patients were evaluated before and after intervention. Two analyses were undertaken: intragroup and intergroup.ResultsNo differences were found between online mindfulness session and onsite mindfulness session. In both cases, an improvement in the questionnaire scores was demonstrated. Mindfulness as a kind of psychotherapy helped patients to control pain and symptoms of anxiety.DiscussionThe new ICTs offer a huge of possibilities in medicine and mental health. With respect to psychiatry, not only intervention, like psychotherapy, can be offered but also psychoeducation. However, there are factors such as age and educational level that make online intervention difficult.ConclusionIn the near future, most people will interact with technology and it would be easier to supply online interventions and psychoeducation e-patients already exist, so e-doctors and e-psychiatrists should be online soon.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Background:Primary fibromyalgia syndrome is a prevalent rheumatic condition characterized by widespread pain and whose etiopathogenesis is not well understood. Fibromyalgia can also be secondary to other rheumatic diseases like Sjogren’s syndrome; however, its relation to this disease is unknown. It has been suggested that the immune system is involved in their pathogenesis. The role of activation stages and cytokines profiles of CD4+T lymphocytes in fibromyalgia or fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren´s syndrome are completely unclear and could play a key role in the pathophysiology of these diseases.Objectives:The objective of this study is to investigate the counts and distribution of the CD4+T lymphocyte activation subsets and their pattern of cytokine production in women with primary fibromyalgia, fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren´s, Sjogren´s syndrome and healthy controls (HC). The counts and distribution of naïve (TN), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM) and effector (TE) CD4+T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in these diseases. Furthermore, we investigated their pattern of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IFNγ, and TNFα production.Methods:Counts and distribution of CD4+T subsets (TN, TCM, TEM, TE)and their cytokine producing capacity were measured using multiparametric flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 20 primary fibromyalgia, 15 fibromyalgia associated to Sjögren and 15 primary Sjögren patients and 15 female controls. Fibromyalgia and/or Sjögren’s syndrome were diagnosed based on ACR criteria. CD4+T cell activation stages were analyzed by the expression of the CD3, CD4, CD45RA, CD27 and CCR7 antigens. Cytokine CD4+T producing cells subsets were assayed stimulating PBMC during 6 hours, fixed, permeabilized and simultaneously stained with IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IFNγ, and TNFα intracellular cytokines.Results:Fibromyalgia patients showed a significant increase in the CD4+T, TNand TCMcells counts with compared to fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren, Sjogren´s syndrome and HC. The counts of IL-17A, IL-4 and IFNγ producing CD4+T cells were increased in fibromyalgia patients with respect to HC. However, only IL17A and IFNγ, but not IL-4 producing CD4+T lymphocytes were increased with respect fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren. These alterations were due to an increment of TEMIL-17A, TCMand TEMIL-4 and TNTCMand TEMIFNγ producing CD4+T cell subsets in fibromyalgia patients. Furthermore, IFNγ producing CD4+T cells were decreased in fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren´s with respect to fibromyalgia patients and HC. Counts of TNTNFα producing CD4+ T cells were increased in fibromyalgia with respect fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren. IL-10 producing CD4+T cells were normal in fibromyalgia but decreased in fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren.Conclusion:Fibromyalgia patients show an abnormal circulating activation stages of CD4+T cells, as well as, express unusual elevated counts of CD4+T cells producing IL-17A, IL-4 and IFNγ. These alterations could differentiate two different pathologic and inflammatory behaviors of the T cell compartment between fibromyalgia and fibromyalgia secondary to Sjogren patients.References:[1]T helper 1 response is correlated with widespread pain, fatigue, sleeping disorders and the quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia.. Guggino G et al, Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019.[2]A Comparative Study of Fibromyalgia, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, and Sjögren’s Syndrome. Bucourt E et al, Pain Med. 2019Disclosure of Interests:None declared
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.