ABSTRACT. Severe leukopenia was incidentally found in a newborn Japanese Black calf by blood testing during the clinical trial of an iron dextran drug (day 1). At that time, no clinical problems were observed. On day 15, the calf presented with a high rectal temperature and tachypnea. Treatment with antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not improve clinical signs. Anemia, melena, and prolonged bleeding were also recorded. Necropsy findings revealed subcutaneous petechial hemorrhage and severe bone marrow aplasia. This is the first confirmed case of pancytopenia and hemorrhage associated with bone marrow aplasia in a Japanese Black calf.KEY WORDS: bone marrow aplasia, Japanese Black calf, pancytopenia.

ABSTRACT. The prokinetic effect of the 5-HT 4 receptor agonist mosapride was evaluated in seven healthy thoroughbreds. Mosapride was orally administerd at doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg. The breath 13 CO 2 / 12 CO 2 rate (∆ 13 CO 2 ), an indirect indicator for the rate of gastric empting, was measured at appropriate points for 4 hr after drug administration. There was a significant increase compared with the control value at 15, 20 and 165 min for 0.5 mg/kg, 30 min at 1.0 mg/kg and 165 min for 1.5 mg/kg. The results suggest that mosapride may facilitate the gastric emptying in horses. KEY WORDS: equine, gastric emptying rate, mosapride citrate.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(6): 627-628, 2008 Gastric emptying is delayed in horses with various gastrointestinal disorders including chronic or recurrent colic [2,[6][7][8] as well as postoperative ileus [1]. Delayed gastric emptying may not be only a consequence of these disorders but also may cause them. It actually dose cause anorexia and abdominal discomfort/pain, aggravating gastrointestinal disorders. A variety of prokinetic agents, including metoclopramide and cisapride, have been administered to horses in order to coordinate gastrointestinal motility [4,9], although they may produce unfavorable side effects on both the central nervous and cardiovascular systems [14]. Evidence has suggested that mosapride citrate (mosapride), a 5-HT 4 receptor-preferring agonist, is a more promising prokinetic [30,15]. This agent dose not interact with central dopamine receptors and hardly has any extrapyramidal side effects. It also has little activity in blocking cardiac K + channels and produces no significant ventricular arrhythmia with prolonged QT intervals [3,10]. However, the effect of mosapride on gastric emptying in horses has yet to be investigated.To do this, we used seven healthy thoroughbreds to examine the effect of orally-administrated mosapride on the rate of solid-phase gastric emptying using the 13 C-octanoate breath test.The animals used (1 mare and 6 geldings) had an average age of 5.6 ± 2.6 years (mean ± SD: n=7) and a mean body weight of 485.7 ± 46.9 kg (n=7). They were fed an ordinary diet (0.9 kg oats, 0.3 kg bran and 3.5 kg hay) twice daily and were allowed ad libitum access to water. The individual horses were each subjected to the breath test repeatedly at intervals of 7 to 9 days. Housing and care of the horses and the present study were in accordance with the protocol approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of Obihiro University.Breath samples were collected via a silicon tube inserted into the ventral nasal meatus, as described previously [12], and into zoo or 1,300 ml UBit ® -specialized breath sampling bags (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Japan). The test meal consisted of 150 g oats, 100 g bran (200 mL in volume) and 500 mg 1 3 C-octanoate (1-13 C sodium octanoate, 99%; Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan) in 2 baked egg yolks. The test meal was ingested voluntarily.Mosapride (GASMOTIN ® Powder 1%) was purchased from Dainippon Sumitomo Pha...

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of mosapride citrate, a selective 5-HT4 agonist, after oral administration in horses. Seven healthy Thoroughbreds were dosed with distilled water and 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg mosapride citrate through a nasogastric tube. Serum mosapride concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. Mosapride showed the Cmaxs of 31, 60, and 104 ng/g and AUCs of 178, 357, and 566 ng.hr/g at doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmaxs and AUCs increased in proportion to the dose, indicating linear pharmacokinetics of mosapride up to 1.5 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic profiles of mosapride in horses are quite different from that in humans. The average t1/2 in horses was almost 2 fold longer than that reported in healthy adult humans. Therefore, it is thought that it is suitable to reduce the number of doses a day in horses compared to humans.

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Techniques for measuring hydrogen (H 2 ) and methane (CH 4