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Objective: Pro- inflammatory cytokines including Interleukin (IL)-18 have been shown to be involved in the clearance of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, changes in the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production during the immune response, can elicit a variety of liver damage. Therefore, it is of interest to study IL-18 serum levels in hepatitis patients and its correlation with HCV infection. Methods: Twenty-nine newly diagnosed HCV+ patients with no history of antiviral therapy, and 17 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Biochemical markers of liver disease were evaluated by biochemistry assay kits. Serum concentrations of IL-18 were determined with the ELISA method before and after treatment with pangenotypic direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment. Results: Our results showed statistically significant difference in serum levels of IL-18 in HCV+ patients (692.261 ± 48.76) compared to healthy controls (520.00 ± 44.73) (P=0.021). However, there was no significant difference in IL-18 serum levels between treated group compared to untreated patients (P=0.74). No significant correlations were detected between the level of IL-18 and liver enzyme levels. Conclusion: According to our study, IL-18 might be a disease marker associated with HCV infection; however, this conclusion requires further investigation.

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