Honey is one of the natural treatments with antibacterial effects such as hydrogen peroxide, low pH and short water activity that may inhibit bacterial growth. This study aimed to determine the activity of honey as antibacterial to bacteria Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activity test was done in vitro through diffusion method by using disk disc in MHA media then measuring the diameter of a clear zone that inhibition zone form growth of Escherichia coli bacteria and scaled it millimetre unit. This research was done in the laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Indonesia. The concentrations used are 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% by using sterile equates as honey diluents. The control used was chloramphenicol, the results obtained at a concentration of 10% with a zone of 7.6 mm inhibition of honey had been able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, and the optimum concentration was 100% with a zone of 24.5 mm. This test showed that natural honey could inhibit bacteria, which conclude that honey might be used as alternative medicine in society. Keywords: Antibacterial effect, Escherichia coli, honey
Berdasarkan data yang dilaporkan kepada Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia (KKI) sejak kurun waktu 2006 sampai 2015 ada 317 kasus dugaan malpraktek terdiri dari 114 di antaranya adalah dokter umum, 76 kasus dokter bedah, dokter kandungan dengan 56 kasus, dan dokter spesialis anak 27 kasus.. Hubungan dokter dan pasien yang dilandasi perjanjian teraupetic memiliki hak dan kewajiban dan dilakukan dengan kehati-hatian. Disadari atau tidak, dokter sebagai subyek dalam melakukan pelayanan kesehatan melakukan juga hubungan-hubungan hukum, yang berkaitan dengan halhal yang yuridis. Hal ini mengandung arti bahwa seorang dokter berlaku pula ketentuan-ketentuan umum sebagai subyek hukum yang dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawabannya dalam memenuhi atau menjalankan profesinya sebagai dokkter. Dalam UU No. 29 tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran pada Pasal 50 sampai Pasal 53 memuat hak dan kewajiban pasien maupun dokter. Aturan tersebut memberikan perlindungan pada dokter maupun dokter gigi, asalkan dokter tersebut menjalankan tugasnya sesuai standar profesi dan juga berhak mendapat informasi yang jujur dan lengkap dari pasien maupun keluarganya dan berhak memperoleh imbalan jasa. Selain itu dokter memiliki kewajiban memberikan pelayanan medis sesuai dengan standard profesi dan standard prosedur operasional serta kebutuhan medis pasien, merujuk pasien apabila tidak mampu melakukan pemeriksaan atau pengobatan, merahasiakan segala sesuatu yang diketahui tentang pasien bahkan setelah pasien meninggal dunia, serta menambah ilmu pengetahuan dan mengikuti dunia perkembangan ilmu kedokteran. Dengan terlindunginya hak-hak dokter maka diharapkan dokter dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik sesuai standar kedokteran dan memenuhi fungsi sosial sesuai Pasal 28 H ayat 1 dan Pasal 34 ayat 3 UUD 1945 melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan.
Cervical cancer is the second most found cancer in women in Indonesia, and every year, there are at least 40.000 cases of it. Cervical cancer can be detected early with a Pap smear test. This research aims to determine the association of a mother's knowledge regarding cervical cancer on performing Pap smear screening tests. The method used in this research is analytic cross-sectional with a total sample of 77 respondents. The result obtained is that most of the respondents, 51,9%, lack knowledge of cervical cancer, and 66,2% of them disagreed with the concept and objected to Pap smear. The statistical test with Chi-square done on SPSS shows the p-value = 0,03, proving that the association of the mother's knowledge regarding cervical cancer with the performing Pap smear screening test is significant. Keywords: Knowledge, Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear
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