Magnetic Iron oxide in nanostructure form with multifunctional properties may play a vital role in myriad biomedical applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are fabricated via various methods, including thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, polyol, bio-mineralization, and green synthesis processes. Therefore, different researchers produced IONPs via various techniques to show better water permeability, antioxidant activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lower or no toxicity, as advantages compared to commercial magnetic agents used in innovative applications for modern societies. This review explains various fabrication methods of IONPs and their multifunctional properties. Overall, the new advanced approaches, issues and main challenges, surface modification and modern applications of IONPs are considered. Lastly, some future developments and the views in these research areas are also discussed.

Zinc oxide is of significant importance for many industries due to its versatile properties, which have been enhanced with the production of this material in the nanoscale. Recent interest in the preparation of metal oxide nanoparticles using biological approaches has been reported in the literature. This technique known as “green synthesis” is an environmentally benign process than conventional methods like physical and chemical synthesis methods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been successfully obtained by green synthesis using different biological substrates like chitosan. Chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable polymer having exclusive physical and chemical properties. Chitosan/metal oxide nanocomposite is a promising nanomaterial with enhanced properties for multiple functionalities. Therefore, this review discusses favorable approach in the formation of cross-linked Chitosan/ZnO nanocomposites attracting significant attention in various fields such biomedical due to their unique biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic nature. The use of biological sources, fabrication of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and its applications is briefly discussed. Overall, this review is a comprehensive study for the synthesis of ZnO-NPs using biological sources counting on their features and applications.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most well-known materials in the field of nanotechnology. Adopting a more environmentally friendly synthesis methods of ZnO NPs have been the focus in the last few decades. Of all green synthesis methods of ZnO NPs, fabrication with the help of plant extracts has been the most popular due to its many benefits. The use of phytofabricated ZnO NPs in anticancer studies has been conducted increasingly over the last decade because of its high inhibition activity against various types of cancerous cells. This short review article will present the current update on the phytofabrication of ZnO NPs in recent years and discuss on their cytotoxicity mechanism against cancer cells.