Graphic abstract Kinetics between 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridium-4-yl)porphyrin and Ni 2+ species were investigated in aqueous solution at 25 ±1 °C in I = 0.10 M (NaNO 3 ). Speciation of Ni 2+ was done in I = 0.10 M (NaNO 3 ) for knowing distribution of Ni 2+ species with solution pH. Experimental data were compared with speciation diagram constructed from the values of hydrolysis constants of Ni 2+ ion. Speciation data showed that hexaaquanickel(II) ions took place in hydrolysis reactions through formation of [Ni(OH 2 ) 6-n (OH) n ] 2-n species with solution pH. According to speciation of Ni 2+ and pH dependent rate constants, rate expression can be written as: d[Ni(TMPyP) 4+ ]/dt = ( k 1 [Ni 2+ (aq) ] + k 2 [Ni(OH) + (aq) ] + k 3 [Ni(OH) 2 o (aq) ] + k 4 [Ni(OH) 3 - (aq) ])[H 2 TMPyP 4+ ], where k 1 , k 2 , k 3 and k 4 were found to be k 1 = (0.62 ± 0.22) × 10 -2 ; k 2 = (3.60 ± 0.40) × 10 -2 ; k 3 = (2.09 ± 0.52) × 10 -2 , k 4 = (0.53 ± 0.04) × 10 -2 M -1 s -1 at 25 ±1 °C, respectively. Formation of hydrogen bonding between [Ni(H 2 O) 5 (OH)] + and [H 2 TMPyP] 4+ causes enhanced reactivity. Rate of formation of [Ni(II)TMPyP] 4+ complex was to be 3.99 × 10 -2 M -1 s -1 in I = 0.10 M, NaNO 3 (25 ± 1 °C). UV-Vis and fluorescence data suggested that [Ni(II)TMPyP] 4+ and [H 2 (TMPyP)] 4+ interact with DNA via outside binding with self-stacking and intercalation, respectively. SYNOPSIS Kinetics of tetrakis(1-methylpyridium-4-yl)porphyrin with Ni 2+ were studied in aqueous medium at 25 ±1 °C in ...

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Situation Reports of Corona Virus Disease(Covid-19), as on 15 th May 2020, India has 81,970 totals confirmed cases, 2649 total deaths and is still within the limit of community transmission phase. In this study, we analyze the spread of the disease and the fatalities caused up to 15 th May 2020, as per the data obtained. A granular computing based regression model, namely Granular Box Regression is used along with Linear Regression for comparative analysis to study the increase in the number of confirmed cases and deaths based on days and an increase in the number of samples tested per day. A separate analysis is also conducted to evaluate the performance of Polynomial Regression on the same dataset. The performance of the different models has been evaluated using R-squared, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Squared Error, and Mean Squared Error values.

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have emerged as a new technology for health care systems. It allows the data of a patient's vital body parameters and movements to be collected by small wearable or implantable sensors and communicated using short-range wireless communication techniques. Limited energy capacity to sustain the WBAN nodes for an extended period of time has always been a matter of concern. In this paper, we compare and analyze different types of standard symmetric cryptography based algorithms to be implemented in WBANs for security purpose. RC5 being a highly efficient and flexible cryptographic algorithm, with many flexible parameters (key size, block size, number of rounds) can be adjusted to tradeoff security strength with power consumption and computational overhead. Thus, RC5 with suitable parameters may perform well for WBAN applications with different data size. We propose an algorithm comprising of operating the sensor nodes in rest modes that is both in sleep as well as active mode accordingly, based on sets of data transmissions. Equal priority is set for all the cluster members (CMs) along with a fixed cluster head (CH). The concept of energy harvesting has also been implemented in our algorithm to maximize the power supply. Increase in the network lifetime using both rest mode and increased energy supply has been observed using different case studies.

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