Biological diversity provides many ecosystem functions and services that are critically important for human survival and development. In the past hundreds of years, biodiversity decreases continuously due to accelerating human activities and climate changes, leading to the alteration of ecosystem processes and ecosystems stability. An explicit understanding of risks assessment of biodiversity loss is essential for biological conservation. However, traditional risk assessment mainly focused on species diversity, which could not represent biological diversity comprehensively and reflect biodiversity loss at ecosystem level directly. The results of assessment can hardly be applied to policy鄄making for biodiversity conservation at landscape level. Furthermore, species鄄by鄄species is time consuming and resources costing. By the year 2010, less than 3% of the world忆s known species had been evaluated for potential inclusion in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Hence, a higher鄄level biodiversity assessment may provide a more cost鄄effective means for multi鄄scale biodiversity conservation. Recently, more and more attentions have been tailored to develop a set of criteria for ecosystem risk assessment. Several protocols have been developed in many countries over the past twenty years, such as Finland, Germany, Denmark and Bulgaria. Most of these assessment protocols adopted the assessment system of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Threat status was adopted as the major ecosystem risk assessment indicator, and threat status of each ecosystem was assigned using rule鄄based criteria based on thresholds for

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基金项目：环保公益性行业科研专项资助项目(２０１４０９０５５) ；环境保护部资助项目；江苏省自然科学青年基金资助项目(ＢＫ２０１４０１１７) 收稿日期：２０１５• １２• ０８； 修订日期：２０１６• ０４• ２５ * 通讯作者 Ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ａｕｔｈｏｒ．Ｅ•ｍａｉｌ： ｇｊｘ＠ ｎｉｅｓ．ｏｒｇ ＤＯＩ： １０．５８４６ ／ ｓｔｘｂ２０１５１２０８２４５４ 金宇，周可新，高吉喜，穆少杰，张小华． 基 于随机森林模型的国家重点保 护陆生脊椎动物物种优 先保护区的识别． 生态学报，２０１６，３６ (２３) ： ７７０２• ７７１２． Ｊｉｎ Ｙ， Ｚｈｏｕ Ｋ Ｘ， Ｇａｏ Ｊ Ｘ， Ｍｕ Ｓ Ｊ， Ｚｈａｎｇ Ｘ Ｈ．Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙ ｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ａｒｅａｓ ｆｏｒ ｋｅｙ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌ ｖｅｒｔｅｂｒａｔｅ ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ａ ｒａｎｄｏｍ ｆｏｒｅｓｔ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ．Ａｃｔａ Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａ Ｓｉｎｉｃａ，２０１６，３６(２３) ：７７０２• ７７１２．