Biological diversity provides many ecosystem functions and services that are critically important for human survival and development. In the past hundreds of years, biodiversity decreases continuously due to accelerating human activities and climate changes, leading to the alteration of ecosystem processes and ecosystems stability. An explicit understanding of risks assessment of biodiversity loss is essential for biological conservation. However, traditional risk assessment mainly focused on species diversity, which could not represent biological diversity comprehensively and reflect biodiversity loss at ecosystem level directly. The results of assessment can hardly be applied to policy鄄making for biodiversity conservation at landscape level. Furthermore, species鄄by鄄species is time consuming and resources costing. By the year 2010, less than 3% of the world忆s known species had been evaluated for potential inclusion in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Hence, a higher鄄level biodiversity assessment may provide a more cost鄄effective means for multi鄄scale biodiversity conservation. Recently, more and more attentions have been tailored to develop a set of criteria for ecosystem risk assessment. Several protocols have been developed in many countries over the past twenty years, such as Finland, Germany, Denmark and Bulgaria. Most of these assessment protocols adopted the assessment system of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Threat status was adopted as the major ecosystem risk assessment indicator, and threat status of each ecosystem was assigned using rule鄄based criteria based on thresholds for

The extent shape of organisms (body size and the allometry of specific parts) is not only the base for taxonomy, but also the key functional traits for understanding the interaction between organisms and environmental conditions. The geographical variance of body size, allometry, and the underlying mechanisms are fundamental for insect biogeography, but have not been fully documented. In this paper, we compiled data on body size (body length and body width), aspect ratio (body length/body width), and distribution of ladybirds in 28 provinces in China. Meanwhile, we obtained environmental variables representing temperature and precipitation from freely available data. To explore the spatial variance and environmental correlates of body size and aspect ratio in different species groups with various trophic positions, correlation and regression analyses were performed separately on herbivorous and predaceous ladybirds. Our results show that there is evident latitudinal gradient for body size of ladybirds, i.e., body length or width increases with increasing latitude. This is consistent with Bergmann's rule. Temperature-related variables are the main drivers of geographic variance of body size, because ladybirds usually overwinter as adults, and those with larger •研究报告• 776 生 物 多 样 性 Biodiversity Science 第 23 卷

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This paper uses the time series data from 2007 to 2017 to analyze the financial intermediation agglomeration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Marco Greater Bay Area through the empirical method of Granger causality test to find the relationship between regional economic growth. The empirical results show that the financial intermediation in the GBA has a prominent clustering effect, which has a strong pulling effect on the regional economic growth of the GBA. However, the development of the real economy in the GBA has not played a substantial role in supporting the development of the financial intermediation.