No abstract

Abstract;The main objective of this research was to elaborate how pesantren contend with multicultural education. Qualitative methods including: interviews, focus group discussion (FGD) and detailed observations of the life of pesantren were used. The researcher also examined the wide range of literatures related to the topic. The research focused on pesantren Mangkoso Barru, Indonesia, representing traditional pesantren in the region of South Sulawesi. The data was collected from the teachers, students, kyai (religious leaders) in this particular pesantren. The findings suggest that pesantren have their own understanding regarding multicultural education. Their understandings were mainly based on the holy Koran without learning from western perspectives. They believe that human beings were created on the basis of difference, so people must appreciate one another. The differences related to language, race, religion, are a must. These concepts have been implemented in the pesantren curricula. The curricula are very inclusive and more opened to any difference. The pesantren provides different materials which come from different sects, and students.There is no enforcement from pesantren management to just learn from specific sect. In addition, expanding networks of pesantren is also inclusive. They have already collaborated with different organizations in relation to development of pesantren management.Another issue considered was its vision of leadership which is perceived as very open. The leader (kyai) are frequently involved in multicultural campaigns, such as seminars, workshops, and bench markings. They perceive that the progress of pesantren Muhaemin Latif JICSA Volume 05-Number 02, December 2016 232 depends strongly on the way the kyai deals with contemporary issues, including multiculturalism.

<p>Artikel ini mendiskusikan bagaimana pesantren memiliki kemampuan untuk bernegosiasi dengan modernitas. Pesantren dengan modernitas adalah dua hal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Pesantren direpresentasikan sebagai penjaga tradisi-tradisi luhur yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia, sementara kecenderungan modernitas menegasikan eksistensi dari tradisi-tradisi tersebut. Landasan filosofis inilah yang menjadi tujuan utama dari penulisan artikel inidengan mendemonstrasikan Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso yang berlokasi di Sulawesi Selatan yang sukses mempertahankan tradisi dan pada saat yang bersamaan mampu berdialog dengan modernitas. Adapun jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah qualitatif. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti mempraktekkan triangulasi, observasi, wawancara dan pengumpulan dokumen-dokumen yang terkait dengan pesantren dan modernitas. Data-data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pondok Pesantren DDI Mangkoso memiliki kapabilitas dan kompetensi dalam melakukan negosiasi dan dialog dengan arus globalisasi dan modernitas. Keberhasilan pesantren ini karena didukung oleh kreatifitas dan inovasi pesantren dalam menjembatani tradisi dan modernitas. Beberapa strategi yang dijabarkan dalam pesantren ini adalah mendefinisikan ulang makna modernitas, mengadopsi sistem pendidikan madrasah, pembinaan bahasa Inggris, serta pembentukan karakter kemandirian.</p>

The main mission of the Prophet Muhammad. sent by Allah to this earth, is to strengthen the Oneness of God and uphold the sentence of monotheism (la ilaha illah) and purify the aqidah of the Arabs contaminated with the culture of ignorance, and obey their ancestors. However, after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, the discourse around kalam or theology in Islam became hotly discussed. At the time Ali bin Abi Talib became caliph, the political context in Islam began to develop, related to theological discussions. Then the discourse developed into a flow of Islamic theology. Some of the debates around divinity, according to the Mu'tazilah, Ash'ariah, and Maturudiyah schools, namely about the nature of God, faith and disbelief, God's actions and human actions, absolute will and God's justice, revelation and reason, and perpetrators of major sins. The conception of God is at the core of every human belief. God is always at the top of the pyramid of human needs related to matters of faith. Here we can understand together that worshiping God is the human way to infinity. The infinite shutter of God is then discussed in the "limited" realm. This means that God exists in the human conception, so that the conception that is built then makes God into a certain group. This is what later became the discussion of madhhab in Islam.