This work investigated the effects of shyness and lack of confidence as psychological barriers on EFL learner' speaking skill, particularly at the public sector colleges, universities and the sub-campuses of these universities located in the South Punjab, Pakistan. This project was scheduled to use a mixed-method type. Majority of the students indicated that there is an insignificant and negative relationship between the variables of shyness, lack of confidence and speaking English achievements. Since, as the shyness and lack of confidence increases, the speaking achievement decreases and as the shyness and lack of confidence decreases the speaking achievement increases. Findings from the explored work indicate that EFL teachers firstly, cultivate proper teaching circumstances by providing pupils adequate interval to prepare themselves for a conversational activity, develop a mind map to generate ideas, and offer learners plentiful time span to accomplish the given task well in the class.

and unprejudiced validation behind the target language learning is to get mastery on that language with amalgamation of all four foreign language learning skills, essentially speaking skill with good pronunciation since it is reflected as the most imperative among foreign language learners. Conversely, language anxiety also obstructs L2 learners' communicative ability as it is a situation which is usually followed by apprehension, uneasiness, stress and embarrassment caused by the expectancy of something nasty. It is therefore categorically significant to focus on this challenging academic and psychosomatic subject from diverse approaches. According to Kralova., Skorvagova, Tirpakova, and Markechova (2017) language anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling about some state of affairs, that is generally described as a state of implicit fright, disinclination and uneasiness that is in the long run connected with an object. It is purely a psychological concept and psychoanalysts develop a visible difference between the three classifications of language anxiety: Trait anxiety, State anxiety and Situation specific anxiety. Trait anxiety is a comparatively stable personality trait, an everlasting inclination to be anxious and is not generated by specific event. Trait anxiety is a worldwide phenomenon and it is not related to any

Bio specimen collection and storage and bio bank data have numerous ethical issues. Stakeholders' views on these ethical problems are essential because they may assist establish ethical standards for bio banking. Physicians are key stakeholders because they may contact prospective participants and become bio bank users. The aim of this research is to assess Pakistani doctors' views and knowledge regarding bio banking and willingness to donate. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted to poll Pakistani physicians’ attitudes and views regarding bio banks. Between January and April 2021.473 doctors completed the questionnaire. Participants had sufficient knowledge of bio banking. Of those, 74.2 stated that they had heard of the term "Human Genome Project," while 72.5% revealed that they were familiar with the term "bio banking." 61.5% of the participants showed their willingness to donate bio specimens. Marital status (0.001), faculty (0.001), involvement in research (0.038), blood and tissue testing in recent years (0.420) and demonstrated a significant relationship with willingness to donate. While general health status, recent hospitalization, family history of inherited diseases, incidence of chronic disease, and gender had no statistically significant associations with willingness to donate. Although65.8% agreed that bio banks should be able to exchange bio specimens with foreign research groups and only 49.5% agreed on collaboration with pharmaceutical companies. Although more than half of Pakistani doctors heard of bio banking, the presence of bio banks in Pakistan was restricted. They were concerned about marketing, widespread consent and confidentiality. There is a great gap of knowledge and awareness among stakeholders that should encompass several educational initiatives. Community conversations on the problems of marketing and the return of research findings should begin to achieve an agreement.

The purpose of the current study was to explore either L1 use in L2 courses teaching/learning is a facilitating tool or a language barrier. This research design was qualitative in nature. The outcomes of the present study directed that the teachers and learners of both genders disclosed exceedingly positive views and perceptions regarding the use of L1 in L2 classroom. The majority of the respondents preferred using L1 in certain situations for specific reasons such as while learning about grammar and its usage in the L2 classroom, discussing course policies, attendance, and other administrative information, explaining some difficult concepts, to give directions about exams and in introducing the aim of the lesson, to discuss tests, quizzes, and other assignments appropriately. Similarly, they were highly motivated to use L1 while teaching and comprehending summaries and short questions, letter writing and paraphrasing the text of L2 courses. However, most of the learners and their teachers revealed a lot of mutual understanding on various points and situations.

E-learning is formal and informal learning. Formally, the e-learning learning method is carried out using learning that comes from the syllabus. The use of e-learning from lecturers and students at STAIN Parepare is currently still considered not to work well. The interest of students and lecturers in using e-learning is still lacking. This is because the resources of the lecturers in filling the content of the e-learning are still lacking. This study aims to determine the efficiency of using e-learning by using mobile wireless and knowing the level of satisfaction of e-learning users by utilizing mobile wireless. AbstrakElearning dapat mencakup pembelajaran secara formal dan informal. Secara formal metode pembelajaran elearning dilakukan dengan menggunakan pembelajaran yang bersumber pada silabus. Penggunaan elearning dari dosen dan mahasiswa pada STAIN Parepare saat ini masih dianggap belum berjalan dengan baik. Minat