Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the frequency of low back pain in young adults and its relationship with the mattresses they use.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in 6 months in twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad). The sample size for this study was 366. For data collection, self-structured questionnaire was used along with Modified Oswestry Scale and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The inclusion criteria for this study was young adults with age limit 18-35 years and the participants who used the same kind of mattress for more than 3 months. Post-surgical patients and the patients diagnosed with lumbar pathology were excluded from this study. Data was then analyzed through SPSS statistics 24.Results: Mean age of the participants was 22.06±3.74 years. Majority 208(56.38%) participants were feeling low back pain and out of these 208 participants, Pain was most prevalent 30(68.18%) in firm mattress users followed by 128(59.25%) in foam mattress users. Low back pain was more associated with those participants who were not changing their mattresses for more than three years.Conclusion: Low back pain is frequently present in young adults and more prevalent in those participants who were using same firm or foam mattresses for more than three years.Keywords: Back pain, Mattresses, Posture, and Young Adults. Continuous...

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PURPOSE OF THE STUDYThe authors describe an arthroscopic procedure for multidirectional shoulder instability and its results in a group of their patients. They present a new argument to the widely accepted view that multidirectional instability of the shoulder is not an indication to surgical treatment. MATERIALA total of nine shoulders in seven patients were indicated to surgical intervention because of multidirectional shoulder instability. The average age of the patients was 19 years. Two patients underwent a bilateral procedure. Based on the preoperative clinical findings, two groups were distinguished: the patients with loose shoulders who, with overhead use of the arm, suffered from recurrent subluxations dorsally or caudally, and those who were able to voluntarily dislocate the glenohumeral joint as well as to reduce it spontaneously (habitual posterior dislocation). The patients were evaluated at oneyear follow-up using the Rowe and Zarins criteria. Patients with unidirectional instability of the shoulder were not included in the study. METHODSAll patients diagnosed with multiple recurrent posterior dislocations of the shoulder were indicated for surgery. After clinical examination, arthroscopy was carried out in a lateral recumbent position and, according to the findings, first capsulorrhaphy of the posterior capsule of the joint and reattachment of the labrum were performed, and then a similar intervention was carried out on the anterior part of the joint. For the operation, only two incisions were made, one for insertion of the arthroscope, the other for the instruments, and they were used interchangeably. Both absorbable and non-absorbable anchors were used and the capsule was fixed with a sliding knot. Subsequently, the shoulder was immobilized in a Desault bandage for 6 weeks, then rehabilitation was carried out. Full activity including sports was allowed beginning with the third month after surgery. RESULTSShoulder stability was achieved in all patients. After the procedure, no voluntary dislocation of the joint in the posterior direction or subluxations of the shoulder with overhead use of the arm were recorded. All patients, who had had serious problems pre-operatively, were satisfied with the results and would undergo the arthroscopic procedure again. Therefore, the therapy can be regarded as very effective. DISCUSSIONOur results of operative treatment contradict the generally accepted view that multidirectional shoulder instability is not indicated for surgical treatment, and the only therapy recommended to the patients is shoulder muscle strengthening, with avoidance of excessive motion range. This approach has persisted since the time when open surgery permitted either an anterior or a posterior intervention, but not both at the same stage. Today, arthroscopic reconstruction of the whole capsule is possible, with only a minimal interference with the shoulder muscles. Therefore, its benefits for the patients are undisputable. CONCLUSIONSArthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder for the treatm...

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Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal condition and causes most disability. Neck pain with movement coordinated impairments is the most common problem and among them “Text Neck Pain” is most growing epidemiological problem among adult population. Methods: This was the cross sectional study. The sample was collected from different Colleges and Universities of Islamabad. Sample was selected using convenient non-probability sampling technique. Data was collected from 428 individuals of both genders and analyzed through SPSS-21. Individual’s basic demographics name, age, gender etc. and other relevant information was taken through a self-structured questionnaire. Two standard questionnaires were also used for taking statistical data about pain intensity via numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and level of disability through neck pain disability index (NPDI). Results: The mean age of the research participants was 22.74 ± 3.52 years. The results showed that 35.0% of the smart phone users feel neck pain regularly and 39.5 % of the population sometimes feel pain in the activities of daily life. Results also showed that majority of the population having neck pain use the cell phone in sitting position at an angle of 30-45 degrees of neck flexion for more than 3 hours/day. Conclusion: It is concluded that individuals having more use of smart phones have more text neck pain which is also affecting their activities of daily life. So, it’s the alarming situation for the adults.