Indonesia still has a high dependence on fossil energy. This can be seen through how the use of fossil energy still dominates the energy needs in Indonesia. Most of this fossil energy comes from oil sources. However, the increasing use of energy and the reduction in fossil energy reserves has made Indonesia need to use renewable energy. This needs to be done to achieve energy security in Indonesia. This research will be carried out to see how the conceptual framework and policies regarding energy security in transportation in Indonesia through electrical energy can support energy security in Indonesia. This research will be carried out using a literature study approach. According to the findings of this study, there are multiple concepts in energy security, including the availability of existing energy resources that can meet energy demand, existing support in facilities such as distribution, transportation, and production division that can meet energy consumption needs, and the minimal negative impact of energy production and consumption on human health and the surrounding environment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the findings of a study on the role of the effectiveness of updating demographic data in the city of Surakarta.   Method: This study employs empirical research with descriptive research methodologies and qualitative approaches, and the description includes primary and secondary data. Surakarta City's Department of Population Administration and Civil Registration is the site of the study.   Results and Conclusion: According to the study's findings, Surakarta's demographic data is collected through public reporting on a website. This demonstrates that the City of Surakarta's Population Administration and Registration Office has improved community data accuracy and efficiency through a number of improvements. In general, data can be defined as a collection of information derived from an observation in the form of numbers, symbols, or attributes that can provide a snapshot of a situation or problem.   Research implications: In this study, data was gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation. This research employs qualitative data analysis methodologies. Miles and Huberman's interactive model analysis was utilized to analyse qualitative data. The interactive analysis paradigm allows researchers to carry out analytical tasks more flexibly, avoiding a seemingly strict procedure of data collection.   Originality/value: Data can alternatively be described as a collection of information or values collected from observations of an item (observations). While population or demography is a science that examines human population dynamics.

The purpose of this study was to review the implementation of marriage law in Indonesia on the practice of registering interfaith marriages at the Population and Civil Registration Office Salatiga and to analyse the policy reform models in resolving the cases of interfaith marriage registration at the Population and Civil Registration Office Salatiga. This study applied a type of empirical research that is perspective with a case-study design approach. The data sources used in this research were primary and secondary data sources with data collection techniques through interviews, observations and documentation studies. The sampling technique used was judgemental or purposive sampling which uses certain criteria according to the field of expertise possessed by the subject. The data analysis was carried out through 4 stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study explain that the implementation of interfaith marriage registration at the Population and Civil Registration Office Salatiga can be done in 2 ways, namely registration of marriages with one partner submitting to another partner without being followed by religious conversion and marriage registration through the court decisions. The policy reform model in resolving the cases of interfaith marriage registration is through the court decisions by increasing the authority of the Population and Civil Registration Office as the party entitled to marry the interfaith couples due to the vacancy regarding which party is given the authority to marry the interfaith marriages.

Public services are one of the sectors affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Population administration is the fundamental key for the citizen to access the public services. This research aims to analyze the Anjungan Dukcapil Mandiri (ADM) which is the most recent innovation of population administration services. ADM is a population document's printing machine that is integrated by the central population database system to realize a Single Identity Number (SIN) by utilizing information and communication technology. This research is an empirical legal research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The techniques of data collection are conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation studies at the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Pemalang Regency. The analysis techniques of this research are conducted by the five dimensions of public service innovation proposed by Rogers and refers to the data analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results of the research claim that the ADM has relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Thus, this innovation is expected to be replicated for the region that has demographic characteristics which is similar to Pemalang Regency.

This study has purpose to provide input and suggestions regarding the concept of an effective administrative law enforcement system to prevent violations of reclamation and post-mining obligations in East Kalimantan Province. This study was a non-doctrinal legal research that analyzes the effectiveness of the law regarding the regulation of reclamation and post-mining obligations as regulated in Law Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. An effective administrative law enforcement system to prevent violations of reclamation and post-mining obligations in East Kalimantan Province is as follows, a. Fixing regulations regarding reclamation and post-mining obligations, it must be carried out without leaving the mining pit. b. Optimizing the role of the Mining Inspector and the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Province of East Kalimantan by adding the human resources, operational budgets, facilities and infrastructure as well as accelerating the recapitulation of documents due to the transfer of mining authority from the Regency or City level to the Provincial Level. c. Efforts to eliminate the bad habits of coal mining entrepreneurs aside from providing guidance to the coal mining entrepreneurs related to reclamation and post-mining obligations carried out by the Mining Inspector and the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources to the coal entrepreneurs that the closure of the mining pit must be carried out as a reclamation and post-mining activity and it is able to be done by involving the surrounding community in monitoring the reclamation and post-mining activities.