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Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and it has affected the morbidity & mortality rate of CKD patients. This study aims to determine the frequency and severity of depression in CKD patients on hemodialysis. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. A total of 251 patients of age between 18-60 years admitted with End-Stage Renal Disease ESRD and getting maintenance haemodialysis were included. Patients diagnosed with psychiatric, neurological illnesses and taking antidepressants were excluded from the study.  Demographic and clinical characteristics of CKD patients were obtained on the structured questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was utilized. Results: Of the total, 127 (50.6%) were males, and 124 (49.4%) were females, with a mean age of 53.94 ± 14.67 years. Approximately 65% of ESRD patients were suffering from depression. Among these, the patients who were receiving maintenance dialysis were suffering from a mild form of depression (33.1%) (HADS 5-9), 22.3% had moderate depression (HADS 10-14), and 9.6% had severe depression (HADS>15). Moreover, a significant difference has been observed between age and creatinine levels. Conclusion: Around 10% of the patients had severe depression, which enhances the attention towards it. Multicenter studies should be conducted across Pakistan to identify the extent of the problem.

Objectives: To explore the association of various adiposity parametersin young adults. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, from  January to  February 2021, and comprised healthy medical students aged 19-21years. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and percentage body fat were recorded. Peak expiratory flow rate was determined using Wright’s meter, and its association with adiposity markers was determined using regression analysis. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 162 subjects, 96(59.3%) were females and 66(40.7%) were males. The overall mean age was 20.18±1.01 years. Peak expiratory flow rate was significant positively associated with height, body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage body fat (p<0.05). It had weak negative association with waist-hip ratio(p>0.05). Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate increased with height, body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage body fat in healthy subjects. Key Words: Peak expiratory flow rate, Waist-hip ratio, Body mass index, Visceral fat percentages, Young healthy adults.