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Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are often used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This device is easy to carry, highly effective and extremely safe, allowing reliable, consistent dosage delivery, metered dose inhalers are the inhalation devices that doctors and patients can readily select from around the world. This pMDI inhaler system has a problem which is the particle does not penetrate into the alveolar. ANSYS Fluent Version 19.2 was used to find the best angle of the actuator nozzle by parametric analysis. Standard K-epsilon was used as the turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment function. Discrete phase model (DPM) was applied to represent the particle flow. The result shows the best actuator nozzle angle is 120-degree which affects the maximum magnitude of particle velocity.

No abstract

Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI) are portable, easy to use, convenient and these devices used multi-dose to administer aerosolized drug that use a propellant. A dose of medication actually is fixed and can be delivered with each actuation. There is a problem for this pMDI inhaler devices which is the particle do not reach into the alveolar. ANSYS Fluent Version 19.2 was used for parametric analysis to find the best orifice diameter. Standard K-epsilon was used as the turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment function. Discrete phase model was applied to represent the particle flow. The result shows that the best orifice diameter is 0.39mm that affect the highest particle velocity magnitude.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) were first reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. COVID-19 patients have a symptom of respiratory pneumonia diseases which have difficulties in breathing normally. Previously, the nebulizer machine commonly used to treat respiratory pneumonia diseases. However, the usage for this machine was not suggested during this COVID-19 period because the virus will be spread off easily. To overcome these shortcomings, the uses of Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) with MDI disposable inhaler spacer is preferable. Besides, it had been known that the used of MDI disposable inhaler spacer helps to increase the uptaking of the drug into the lung. Besides that, the high demand for the MDI Disposable Inhaler Spacer in the hospital, causing a shortage of supply in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to produce a new design of this spacer to full fill the market need. This new design of MDI Disposable Inhaler Spacer (AeroCup) was designed by using Solid Work 2018. Then, the parameters for flow characteristic such as particle velocity magnitude, velocity, Eddy viscosity, turbulence Eddy dissipation and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) was successfully characterized and compared with commercial design A using ANSYS Fluent Version 19.2. The result showed that new design (AeroCup) had the desired characteristic, which was almost similar to commercial design A. This study can provide a piece of information to produce the low-cost metered-dose inhaler (MDI) disposable inhaler spacer to enlighten the burden shouldered by front liners, especially during the pandemic and also can scale-up the economic viability.