Renewable energy (RE) has become a focal point of interest as an alternative source of energy to the traditional fossil fuel and other energy sources due to the fact that it is more environmentally friendly, abundant and economically feasible. Many countries aggressively promote feed-in tariff schemes and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have become one of the fastest growing RE sources that can be integrated into the grid distribution network. This paper reviews the recent development of grid-connected PV (GPV) generation systems comprising of several sub-components such as PV modules, DC-DC converter, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, and an inverter. In addition, various grid synchronization and islanding detection methods are elaborated. The future key challenges to build a smart and efficient GPV generation system were also presented.

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Wind speed is the fundamental parameter in the design and study the potential of wind energy at certain area. In this research, Nibong Tebal has been selected as a case study for grassland type in order to evaluate the variation and an availability of wind speed. Hellman exponential law is used which correlates the wind speed readings at two different heights. Result shows that at height of 10m a monthly average of 163.14Wh energy has been produced at Nibong Tebal.

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This paper presents the development and implementation of nonisolated synchronous DC-DC buck converter for photovoltaic power generation. The intention in designing synchronous DC-DC buck converter is to provide robust maximum power point tracker acting as an intermediate between the photovoltaic module and load. The dead-time interval and bootstrap technique are implemented in this topology. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed prototype achieved an average of 80 % efficiency with maximum output power of 60 W at a constant input voltage of 20 V.