Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) injection and incision and curettage (I&C) and their complications in chalazia. Study design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and duration: Combined Military Hospital Multan Pakistan, from May to Nov 2019. Methodology: We selected individuals with primary chalazion having a size of 2mm or more, with a duration of at least one month and not resolving with conservative treatment. Our sample was divided into two groups. Group-A was given a 5mg/ml Triamcinolone injection under aseptic conditions, and the group-B had incision and curettage. Results: The overall frequency of lesion in the upper lid 53 (66%) was more than in the lower lid 27 (34%), p=0.004. The complete resolution of the lesions after the repetition of the procedure was found to be almost the same in the two groups. In comparison, the resolution duration was longer in group-A versus group-B. The complications were more in the surgical group 6 (p=0.001) than in the Triamcinolone Acetonide group 11, (p=0.004).Conclusion: Our study signifies that intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide injection is a safe procedure, having fewer complications. For individuals with poor compliance with conservative management, Triamcinolone Acetonide injections provide an alternative with an almost equal success rate and minimal complication.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of 0.5% Timolol eye drops in preventing rise of intraocular pressure following Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital Multan Pakistan, from May to Nov 2019. Methodology: Patients presenting with posterior capsule opacification, undergoing elective Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: Yag) Capsulotomy were enrolled in the study. Patients were alternatively assigned to two groups; group-1 was administered 0.5% Timolol Maleate eye drops, while group-2 was administered placebo natural team eye drops. Intraocular pressure for all the patients was measured at three-time points a). First measurement was baseline intraocular pressure at presentation/before the treatment. Second measurement was 1-hour post laser capsulotomy and third measurement was 3 hours post laser capsulotomy. Results: At 1-hour follow up, the mean intraocular pressure was significantly raised in the patients belonging to control group as compared to treatment group (21.45 ± 8.33 mm Hg vs 15.33 ± 3.37 mm Hg, p<0.001). At 3-hours follow-up the mean intraocular pressure decreased a bit for control group but still was significantly higher than the treatment group (17.40 ± 3.00 mm Hg vs 15.60 ± 2.30 mm Hg, p<0.001). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of Timolol successfully reduces the post-procedural acute rise in intraocular pressure due to Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.

Objective: To establish the association of lattice degeneration in patients with chronic serous chorio-retinopathy at tertiary care ophthalmology hospital. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Dec 2020. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 80 subjects which included 40 cases of chronic serous chorio-retinopathy and 40 controls. Chronic serous chorio-retinopathy was diagnosed by consultant ophthalmologist on basis of fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Peripheral retinal examination was done among all the study participants to look for lattice degeneration. Pearson chi-square test was applied to look for the relationship of various factors with lattice degeneration including the presence of chronic serous chorio-retinopathy. Results: Two groups with equal number of subjects were included in the study. Mean age of the study participants was 49.14 ± 2.93 years. 60 (75.0%) participants were male while 20 (25%) were female. Fifty four (67.5%) had no lattice degeneration while 26 (32.5%) showed the presence of lattice degeneration on detailed ophthalmic examination. Chi-square test showed that having chronic serous chorio-retinopathy and use of steroids were statistically significantly associated with presence of lattice degeneration among the study participants. Conclusion: Chronic serous chorio-retinopathy emerged as a condition strongly associated with lattice degeneration of peripheral retina. Use of topical or systemic steroids also increased the chances of developing lattice degeneration in our study population.