The paper presents a reconfigurable fully differential all pass filter based on CMOS differential voltage current conveyor. The proposed topology uses two differential voltage current conveyors along with two resistors and two capacitors. The phase angle of the realized fully differential all pass filter can be controlled through an n-bit digital control word. Thus the proposed filter topology provides increased immunity to external noise, reduced even-order harmonics, high resolution capability and reconfigurability. The proposed filter circuit is simulated by using PSPICE. The results thus obtained justify the theory.
To elucidate the response of different solvents such as isopropyl-alcohol (IPA) and acetone for polyaniline-emeraldine-base (PANI), the charge transport mechanism is investigated as a function of temperature in the presence of different solvents. From SEM and XRD characterization, it is noted that each solvent improves the surface smoothness and negligible solvent traces were observed in the final thin-film devices. It is further observed that all devices follow space-charge-limited-current (SCLC) model to define their electrical responses. Conductivity was measured directly through four-probe method, while mobility was estimated from SCLC model and then both conductivity and mobility of PANI are compared with the given solvent at different temperatures. Similarly, it is also realized that the IPA solvent improves conductivity, mobility and degradation of PANI thin-film due to complex behaviour of solvent induced self-organization of molecular chains and reduction of residual traps as a function of temperature.
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