Resistance or drag is one of the most important factors in ship design, in particular in connection with the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly vessels. The shape of the hull under water will affect the fluid flow characteristics around the ship, hence causing the resistance to increase or decrease. If the resistance increases, the size of main engine and subsequently, the fuel consumption increases accordingly and this is not often anticipated by ship designers and operators. The use of a catamaran for passenger carriers is well known and its application for fishing vessels has received serious attention in the last few years, due to its advantages to produce wider deck area and smaller size of engine at the same displacement as the monohulls. The conversion of monohull fishing vessels in Cilacap the waters into a catamaran hull is an interesting topic in association with the development of better fishing vessels in this region. The resistance investigation of the conversion vessel was carried out by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach and this is combined with classical slender body theory. In terms of mathematical calculation, the results between CFD and the combination of empirical formulas and slender body theory shows such a good agreement and the difference between the two is less than 5%. In terms of naval architecture, the results showed that the modification of a monohull vessel into a catamaran can increase the payload capacity up to two times. Conversely, this causes the resistance to increase about almost four times and this is certainly unpopular for the fishermen.

Catamaran resistance is very complex compared to monohull resistance, so it is particularly worthy of research. The below-water-level hull form influences the fluid flow characteristics around the ship, which either increases or decreases the total resistance. This study focuses on developing a new hull form by using the Lackenby Method to modify an existing hull form in such a way that reduces the total resistance. The total resistance was calculated using computational fluid dynamics, since the Navier-Stokes equation is built into the Tdyn software. The research results show that hull form changes can in fact decrease or increase the ship's total resistance. The best new hull form was chosen for its value of least total resistance.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh analisa fraud pentagonterhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan menggunakan baneish model. Populasidalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan tambang yang terdaftar di BEI padatahun 2015, 2016, dan 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan denganmenggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah yangberpengaruh signifikan terhadap laporan keuangan hanya pergantian ketuainternal auditor yang diproksikan dengan adanya pergantian ketua auditinternal selama periode pengamatan. Sedangkan yang tidak berpengaruhsignifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan adalah variabel efektifitaspengawasan, stabilitas keuangan, tekanan pihak eksternal, pergantian kebijakanakuntansi perusahaan, opini audit.

Geographically Indonesia which most of its territory consists of the sea, causing the necessity of strengthening maritime facilities and infrastructure to conduct activities of distribution of goods and sea transportation facilities, especially ships as a vehicle of sea transportation to maintain inter-island connectivity. Indonesian government builds national connectivity (sea tolls) by the development of pioneer ship design “Kapal Perintis.”. In this study, the vessel Perintis 750 DWT is still lacking in the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) aspect as required by IMO, so it is necessary to modify the hull part of the vessel to reduce the resistance. The modified hull is carried out by varying the angle of entrance bow of the ship ± 12° in step of 3°. Modifications were made using Delftship software, Computational Fluid Dynamic, called TDyn and verified by towing tank test at Indonesian Hydrodynamics Laboratory (IHL) Surabaya. Every change of the angle of entrance bow in 3 degrees, the ship's resistance will change more and less 3.5%. The smaller angle of entrance bow of the vessel the smaller ship's resistance.

Pengujian eksperimen menggunakan towing tank adalah salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk memprediksi hambatan kapal. Metode alternatif lain yang dapat digunakan adalah metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Metode ini menjadi trend di industri maritime karena biaya pengujian eksperimen pada towing tank semakin mahal dan diikuti dengan perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi tentang mekanika fluida menggunakan metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) yang sangat pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk memverifikasi performa kapal cepat menggunakan metode komputasi. Metode CFD yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan mekanika fluida ini adalah dengan menggunakan persamaan Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes untuk menggambarkan model turbulensi dengan k-ε, dengan menggunakan aliran multiphase Euler yang diasumsikan air dan udara. Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction (DBFI) adalah modul yang mensimulasikan gerakan benda sebagai respon terhadap gaya yang diterapkan oleh kontinum fisika. DBFI heave dan pitch pada penelitian ini diasumsikan bergerak bebas untuk dapat menghitung gerakan kapal. Hasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CFD dapat membantu dalam mempredisksi hambatan, trim dan kenaikan titik gravitasi.