The boundary value problems in Kinetic theory of gases, elasticity and other applied areas are mostly reduced in solving single variable nonlinear equations. Hence, the problem of approximating a solution of the nonlinear equations is important. The numerical methods for finding roots of such equations are called iterative methods. There are two type of iterative methods in literature: involving higher derivatives and free from higher derivatives. The methods which do not require higher derivatives have less order of convergence and the methods having high convergence order require higher derivatives. The aim of present report is to develop an iterative method having high order of convergence but not involving higher derivatives. We propose three new methods to solve nonlinear equations and solve text examples to check validity and efficiency of our iterative methods.

Dermatophytosis or ringworm is an infectious fungal disease that can be caused by three species of dermatophytes. Microsporum Canis (M. canis) appears to be the most common cause of ringworm. Dermatophytes invade and live in the keratinized layer of the dermis and can be transmitted to humans and animals through direct contact with infected animals or through the ground. The dermatophyte M. canis is the most common fungal agent of dogs and cats. The cat is commonly kept as pet all over the world and in Pakistan. The present study noted the prevalence of M. canis in pet cats in the area of district Lahore and the chemotherapeutic effect of antifungal agents against the M. canis. The animals found positive with M. canis were divided into three groups named, group A (griseofulvin), group B (ketoconazole) and group C (terbinafine). All the drugs were given orally, and the efficacy of each drug was observed by collecting the samples on 15 days interval after the commencement of treatment until the mycological cure was achieved up till day 90 th . The prevalence of M. canis infestation was 31%. The breed wise prevalence was highest in Persian cats as compared to Siamese, and local breed and the prevalence were also higher in young ones as compared to old age cats. Moreover, the calculation of efficacy revealed that griseofulvin was the best drug among the three drugs used. * = NO further treatment when achieved 100% efficacy ConclusionThe cat is commonly kept as a pet all over the world. The dermatophyte M. canis is the most common fungal agent of dogs and cats. In the present study, the prevalence of M. canis was recorded in pet cats in the area of district Lahore. It was found that M. canis infestation having moderate prevalence in domestic cats and Griseofulvin is the most effective and readily available product in Pakistan. Moreover, there is no predilection of sex, whereas, the high prevalence was found in young and long coat cats.

Objective: To find out the outcome of intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care KMC) in terms of weight-gain among low birth weight (LBW) neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Study Design: A randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore from March 2020 to February 2021. Methodology: A total of 226 (113 KMC Group and 113 controls) neonates of both genders with birth weight between 1500 grams to 2499 grams admitted to NICU with their mothers available for KMC application were enrolled. KMC Groups received KMC whereas controls were given conventional care. KMC was started from 8th post-natal day and a separate block of NICU was dedicated for the implementation of KMC. Body weight of all the neonates was measured from day-zero (8th post-natal day) up to day-7 (15th post-natal day). Results: Out of a total of 226 neonates, 121 (53.5%) were boys and 105 (46.5%) girls, Overall, mean gestational age was calculated to be 34.8±2.6 weeks. Most frequent main diagnosis at the time of admission was pneumonia, 64 (28.3%) neonates. Mean body weight was significantly increased among neonates of KMC Group in comparison to control at day-4, day-6 and day-7 (p<0.05). Total weight gain from day-0 to day-7 was found to be 0.24±0.1 kg in KMC groups and 0.15±0.1 kg among controls (p<0.0001). Mean duration of hospital stay was noted to be 17.5±2.9 days in KMC Group versus 20.7±3.4 days among controls (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In comparison to conventional care, intermittent KMC was found to significantly more effective in terms of improvement in weight gain and reduction in duration of hospitalization. Keywords: Exclusive breast-feeding, Kangaroo mother care, neonatal intensive care unit, pneumonia.

Polynomiography is the art and science of visualization in approximation of zeros of polynomials. In this report, we visualize polynomiography of some complex polynomials via iterative methods presented in [1].