BACKGROUND Muscle performance and antioxidant balance are closely related to an athlete achievement. Milk proteins (whey and casein) contain essential and non-essential amino acids, which benefit muscle performance through increased antioxidant levels. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of milk protein on muscle performance and total antioxidant status (TAS) in soccer athletes. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 20 males 16- to 18-year-old athletes at the Central Java Soccer Club in January 2018. For 28 days, the treatment group received 24 g/d of milk protein and the control group received 24 g/d of maltodextrin. Muscle performance was measured through a 20-m sprint, shuttle run, Illinois run, standing broad jump, sit-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach test, and one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg extension. TAS was analyzed using the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method. RESULTS The treatment group had a decreased shuttle run time (-0.16 [0.11] versus 0.08 [0.14] sec), greater increase in sit-ups (6.80 [2.57] versus 1.10 [2.84] times/60 sec), greater increase in push-ups (2.40 [1.78] versus 0.30 [1.77] times/60 sec), and greater increase in 1RM leg extension (32.00 [13.78] versus 3.50 [13.75] kg). After adjustments for age, energy intake, carbohydrates, and pre-interventional performance, these parameters remained significantly improved after the intervention of milk protein. The TAS increase was greater in the treatment group than in the control group (0.36 [0.32] versus -0.12 [0.20] mmol/l) before and after adjustment for age, vitamin C, iron, selenium intake, and TAS pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Milk protein supplementation for 28 days increased muscle performance and TAS.

Stunting prevalence in South Kalimantan has been higher than the national figure and is the sixth highest in Indonesia. Not many studies in South Kalimantan have analysed the risk factors for stunting comprehensively that combine sociodemographic factors, utilization of maternal health services, and characteristics of children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse sociodemographic factors, utilization of maternal health services, and characteristics of children under 5 as determinants of stunting in South Kalimantan Province. This study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. Data collection used secondary data from the results of South Kalimantan Baseline Health Research 2018. The total population of toddlers obtained from South Kalimantan Baseline Health Research 2018 data was 1218 toddlers, and all of them were taken as samples. Data analysis used a chi square test for bivariate test and Logistic Regression for multivariate test. There is a relationship between mother’s education level (p = 0.001), father’s education (p = 0.002), toddler age (p < 0.001), low birth weight (p = 0.05), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.008), and underweight (p = 0.000) with stunting. The data were continued with the Logistics Regression test and the dominant variables related to stunting were underweight (p < 0.001 with OR 18,241), under-five age (p < 0.001, with OR value for ages 24–35 months 9511), and premature birth (p = 0.027 with an OR of 2187). The conclusion of this study is that the most important factor in the incidence of stunting in South Kalimantan is underweight nutritional status.

Stunting is still a health concern in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in nutritional intake of children in the Coastal (Co) and Non-Coastal (NCo) Stunting Areas in Tanah-Laut. The quantitative cross-sectional study design was carried out on subjects aged 6-23 months with a total of 65 Co and 66 NCo toddlers who were physically healthy and were still breastfeeding. The instruments included a questionnaire, a 24-hour recall form, a stature meter, and a digital scale. The univariate analyses to describe the frequency and median data. The Mann-Whitney test was used to see differences in intake of macro and micro nutrients in both regions. The prevalence of stunting in NCo 21.2%, while in Co 18.4%. About 7.6% NCo and 26.2% Co were malnourished. The prevalence of wasting was 13.6% and 15.4%. There was a significant difference in Energy, Carbohydrates, fat (p<0.05). There was no difference in protein intake between two regions. Both micronutrients were classified as deficient. There were differences of vitamin-A, vitamin-D, vitamin-K, calcium, and iron intake. Either macronutrient intake was sufficient, but neither for micronutrients. There was no significant difference in protein intake between the two groups

Repvit (Role Play Virtualitation) is an intervention effort to overcome the problem of stunting by providing nutrition education to cadres, because the situation of adapting to new habits in the Covid-19 era requires personnel who can directly move the community as the spearhead of health services at the household and village levels, not forming too many crowds in the community as part of the anticipation of preventing the transmission of covid-19, so that the implementation of Repvit for cadres can effectively prevent stunting toddlers in the Alang River area. The Alang River is one of the riverbank areas in the Banjar Regency area, most of the residents make a living as farmers in the cultivation of ponds, ponds, karamba, rice fields/rice fields and floating nets. This condition makes the Alang River one of the areas that are able to provide the region's food needs from these natural products. Based on data from the Health Office of South Kalimantan Province, it is known that the highest prevalence of stunting is in the Banjar Regency area. Most of the work of mothers as housewives and fathers as fish farmers. With this background and characteristics, the purpose of the service is the implementation of repvit (role play virtualization) aimed at cadres of the Alang River area. The results of educating cadres, obtained differences in knowledge before and after education about stunting, causal factors, and local food modification skills.

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