This study provides the first annotated check list of the Vespidae of Pakistan. It is based on the National Insect Museum collection and various studies in Pakistan. Among 105 identified taxa, 77 species and 28 subspecies are recorded in the four subfamilies Eumeninae, Masarinae, Polistinae and Vespinae. Three new records for the fauna of Pakistan are added, namely Anterhynchium mellyi, Antepipona ovalis and Eumenes coronatus coronatus. Among the total, 12 species/subspecies are endemic to Pakistan, namely Ancistrocerus pakistanus, Antepipona luteipes, Antodynerus flavescens karachiensis, Celonites nursei, Cyrtolabulus karachiensis, Eustenancistrocerus (Parastenancistrocerus) baluchistanensis, Katamenes dimidiatus watsoni, Knemodynerus lahorensis, Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) hina, Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) mirificus, Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) umerolatus and Tachyancistrocerus pakistanus. Antepipona varentzowi (Morawitz, 1896) and Polistes rothneyi quatei van der Vecht, 1968 were incorrectly reported from Pakistan.

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P otato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major food crop of the world. In Pakistan, currently potato is grown on 109.7 thousand hectares producing 1938.1 thousand tonnes annually with an average yield of 17.7 tons/ha. (Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, 2003-2004). Potato is now gaining status of cash crop after Apricot in Gilgit Baltistan (Food and Agriculture Division, 2012). Its annual production is estimated 76,125.00 tonnes from an area of 3,045 hectares (Hashmi and Shafiullah, 2003). Potato crop is attacked by a number of insect pests including wireworms, white grub, aphids, cutworm and others adversely affecting the yield of crop (Shakur et al., 2007). Among these insect pests, white grub is the most destructive pest damaging potato tubers and causes significant economic loss to potato growers of Gilgit-Baltistan. Abstract | Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major food crop of the world and it is gaining status of cash crop in Gilgit Baltistan. White grub is most destructive insect pest damaging potato tubers and causes economic loss of Gilgit-Baltistan. The study was conducted with an aim to develop eco-friendly management of white grub. Fermented extracts of four herbs Sophora alopecuroides, Artemisia sieversiana, Peganum harmalla and Tagetes minuta were evaluated against white grub under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons during 2018 and 2019. The minimum per cent infestation, number of white grubs per plot, yield loss and maximum tuber yield was recorded in plots treated with S. alopecuroides fermented extract and Refree. The fermented extract of S. alopecuroides significantly reduced percent infestation, number of white grub per plot and yield losses as compared to the control plot, however efficacy of the fermented extract of A. sieversiana, P. harmala and T. minuta was significantly low as compared to Refree. Our current field study indicated that the fermented extract of S. alopecuroides has potential to develop eco-friendly approach for management of white grub.

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P lanococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), commonly known as passionvine mealybug, is a polyphagous pest that can potentially damage many tropical and subtropical plants (CAB, 2003;Venette and Davis, 2004). Although, this species is widely distributed in many South-Asian countries, but, it has cause serious damages in India and Taiwan (Reddy et al., 1997;Tandon and Verghese, 1987;Ho et al., 2007). Planococcus minor is a highly polyphagous pest that attack more than 250 plant species from 80 families (Bastos et al., 2007). Cit-rus, banana, cocoa corn, coffee, mango, grape, potato, and soybean are some of the important hosts of this mealybug (Ben-Dov, 1994, Venette andDavis, 2004). Besides, it also possesses highly invasive characteristics; free spread along with shipping goods particularly fruits (Venette and Davis, 2004), comparatively short life cycle (Martinez and Suris, 1998) and a high reproductive potential (Maity et al., 1998).Mealybug infestation may occur within vegetative shoots or apexes and can be extremely difficult to detect. Basically, P. minor is phloem feeder that cause stunting growth of the plants along with defoliation Abstract | Passionvine mealybug, Planococcus minor has caused severe losses to many important crops and vegetables. However, many natural enemies, particularly predators have demonstrated key influence on its population regulation. Thus, this laboratory study was conducted to evaluate feeding potential of two coccinellid predators i.e., Menochilous sexmaculata and Coccinella septempunctata on eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Results confirmed that both species of coccinellid showed feeding potential against eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Comparatively, M. sexmaculata showed higher feeding than C. septempunctata on various immature stages of M. minor. Moreover, both the species showed relatively more preference on eggs of P. minor than nymphs. Therefore, both the species can be exploited in field conditions against P. minor to keep its populations below threshold level.