No abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the major contributors to big data acquisition. The authenticity and integrity of the data are two most important basic requirements for various services based on big data. Data aggregation is a promising method to decrease operation cost for resource-constrained WSNs. However, the process of data acquisitions in WSNs are in open environments, data aggregation is vulnerable to more special security attacks with hiding feature and subjective fraudulence, such as coalition attack. Aimed to provide data authenticity and integrity protection for WSNs, an efficient and secure identity-based aggregate signature scheme (EIAS) is proposed in this paper. Rigorous security proof shows that our proposed scheme can be secure against all kinds of attacks. The performance comparisons shows EIAS has clear advantages in term of computation cost and communication cost when compared with similar data aggregation scheme for WSNs.

T his study primarily aims to analyze the food security situation in Pakistan and the way forward to make the country food secure. Attaining the food security is colossal challenge for all developing countries. Pakistan being the 5 th most populace country in the world experiencing a high population growth rate and low economic growth rate as compare to other developing as well as regional countries. With all these, the country is also ranked 148 th out of 187 countries in terms of Human Development Index (HDI). The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) included the goals of reducing poverty, hunger and food insecurity from developing countries, which were considered as pre-requisites for the human as well as economic development. Similarly, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also includes hunger eradication and achieving food security by 2030, (Sachs, 2012). Food insecurity negatively affects the human physical, social, emotional and cognitive development, which is associated to all SDGs of the United Nations. However, still about 800 million people cannot access enough food and more than two billion faces lack of micronutrients, while about 60% of individuals are food insecure in low-income coun-Abstract | Human existence is primarily attributed to access to quality and nutritious food. Food Security is essential for wide ranging positive economic outcomes like economic growth, poverty reduction, trade opportunities, increased global security and stability, and improved health and health care. The current study is an attempt to analyze food security situation in Pakistan. Food security, being a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprises of Food Availability, Food Accessibility, Food Utilization and Food Stability is calculated through linear scaling technique. The study has developed two thresholds each one for overall developing countries and regional countries (South Asia). The food security situation of Pakistan is compared to both thresholds. The results show that Pakistan is comparatively a food insecure country. It lags behind in terms of food availability and utilization that makes the overall food security scores lower. The study suggests that food security situation in Pakistan could be enhanced by emphasizing on improvements in food availability and utilization, followed by food accessibility and stability. The study further recommends that food security needs the inclusive improvements in its all individual dimensions. In case of Pakistan, however, the food availability and food utilization are important to be addressed initially and then to focus on the other two dimensions.

No abstract

No abstract