History

Sound health is considered a basic need of every individual. It allows a person to enjoy routine activities. Objective: To examine the impact of moderate intensity exercise on aerobic fitness. Methods: Participants of the study were voluntarily selected from the department of sports science and Physical Education, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. In addition, the participants of the study were categorized as; control group (CG =20) and experimental groups (EG-20). A self-made exercise protocol of twelve weeks was applied on the selected subjects and thus for the assessment of aerobic fitness, Harvard Step Test, developed by Brouha et al., (1943) was used.  The collected data were tabulated and were analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools i.e. Percentage, Means, Standard Deviation, Paired Sample t-Test and ANOVA. Results: The study found significant difference were found between pre & post cardiovascular fitness of male subject i.e. t (9) = -21.433, sig. = .000 < a= .05. Similarly, significant difference was found between pre & post cardiovascular fitness of female subject i.e. t (9) = -25.249, sig = .000 < a= .05. According to the results of this research study, it may be recommended that the Physical education and exercise must be a necessary subject for all college, school and university level students or the student is necessary to take the subject of physical education and exercise for each year so that their cardiovascular fitness is maintained. Conclusions: The study concluded that moderate intensity exercise has significant impact on aerobic fitness of respondents.

Liver is a vital organ of human body performing a variety of functions. In addition, maintenance of antioxidant system is also considered important. Objective: To observe the impact of high volume and high intensity exercise on blood redox state and enzymatic function of the liver. It was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to Jan 2018 at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Methods: An observational study was conducted among twenty (40) voluntarily selected subjects. Measurement of both enzymatic functions of liver and blood redox state of the body were performed through liver functions tests (LFTS) and ferric reducing assay protocol (FRAP assay) by using blood samples collected from the subjects. Results: The collected data were analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 by using different statistical tools such as Mean, Standard Deviation and T Score. Conclusions: Data analysis disclosed that high intensity exercise significantly affected the levels of ALT (t38= -4.369, p <0.05), ALP (t38= -.757, p >.05), AST (t38= -2.246, p < .05) and FRAP (t38=4.308, p<0.05).

This research study was primarily conducted for the purpose to examine the effect of moderate intensity exercise on lungs functions (IRV & ERV) in young athletes. The participant of the study was randomly selected from the Department of Sports Sciences & Physical Education, Gomal University, KP Pakistan. A written informed consent was taken from all the subjects. A self-made, 08 weeks exercise protocols was applied on the selected subjects. Pretest and posttest data were collected by using spirometer and other helping devices. The collected data were tabulated and were analyzed by using various statistical tools. On the basis of data analysis and findings the researcher concluded there is significant effect of 08 weeks moderate intensity exercise on lungs functions (IRV & ERV).

The existing study was primarily conducted with the determination to assess the perception of athletes regarding communication skills on part of coach and its role in uplifting of athletic performance. Athletes of various activities from Punjab University (n-300) were taken as a population of the study and thus 100 athletes were selected as sample by using the available sample technique. In order to collect the required data about various perspectives of the said issue, the comprehensive questionnaire was developed and distributed among the respondents (athletes of Punjab University) and got back after filling by respondents. The gathered data were administered through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 26). On basis of data analysis, it was concluded that a coach as well as a trainer with good communication skills can make a coaching process easy and effective formhis/her players. Based on conclusion, it is recommended that coaches andmtrainers need to use proper communication skills for the uplifting of playermperformance.